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Nero's disastrous reign showed that poorly treated legions could and would revolt.
尼祿大帝的殘暴統(tǒng)治也表明了軍團(tuán)如果沒(méi)有得到良好的對(duì)待，很可能叛變。
But the year of four emperors was an anomaly, the under pinning of the Pax romano was a strong well lead and well paid military personally controlled by the Princeps himself.
但是四帝之年則是不同尋常的羅馬和平時(shí)期的根基非常穩(wěn)健，軍隊(duì)得到良好指揮，軍餉也很好，由元首親自控制。
Change for the worse was on the horizon.
但是情況正在走向下坡路。
The Roman empire had pretty much reached its natural boundaries under Marcus Aurelius, 161 to 180AD,
羅馬帝國(guó)在公元161到180年之間在馬可·奧勒留的統(tǒng)治下，已經(jīng)擴(kuò)張到了邊界。
the client states destined to become Roman had been added to the empire, offensive operations were pretty much through,
注定要屬于羅馬的附庸國(guó)都已經(jīng)歸入羅馬帝國(guó)名下，攻擊性的軍事行動(dòng)也增多了。
but the Roman empire's needs increased. The Romans attacked only against raiding tribes or to find a more favourable place, to construct fortifications and the big task now was to keep the barbarians out.
但是羅馬帝國(guó)的需求也有所增加，羅馬人原來(lái)只攻擊發(fā)動(dòng)偷襲的部落或者尋找合適地點(diǎn)建造防御工事，而現(xiàn)在的大任務(wù)是要抵御野蠻人的襲擊。
Indeed defending Rome's borders often known collectively as the Limes, L I M E S, or boundary, became the ultimate concern of every emperor.
事實(shí)上，保衛(wèi)羅馬的邊疆也就是所謂的邊界線已經(jīng)成了每個(gè)皇帝的終極關(guān)切。
Sometimes incorrectly understood as a series of walls the nature of the Limes depended on the nature of the area itself.
有時(shí)候人們會(huì)將邊界線誤以為是一排高墻，但事實(shí)上邊界線取決于各處的地理特點(diǎn)。
Where natural boundaries were available like the Euphrates river, Rhine river or the Sahara desert the Romans were happy to use the natural boundaries, where natural boundaries were not available,
在具有天然地理防御優(yōu)勢(shì)的地方，例如幼發(fā)拉底河，萊茵河或者撒哈拉沙漠，羅馬人很樂(lè)意利用自然地理邊界，而在沒(méi)有地理防御條件的地方，
the Limes contained a series if not always a line of fortifications these were built more to keep watch on the border than to defend it.
則會(huì)建造一系列的防御工事。不過(guò)這些更接近于瞭望臺(tái)，而非防御工程。
Nearby would be a Roman legionary base, a castrum, or an auxiliary camp, castello.
在其附近會(huì)有一個(gè)羅馬兵團(tuán)基地兵營(yíng)，或者援軍營(yíng)。
The first roman patrol or watchtower garrison to detect a barbarian attack might be defeated but a suitable force of Romans usually auxiliaries could quickly come up to defeat the attackers when needed.
阻擋蠻族襲擊的第一撥羅馬巡邏兵或哨兵可能會(huì)不敵進(jìn)攻，但是輔助兵通常能夠很快地趕到增援，擊退蠻族。
