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Maupassant: The Secret of Writing
莫泊桑：寫作的秘籍
He always longed to make literature his career. Many critics have called him the Allan Poe of France. Many cite him as one of the progenitors of the modern short story. Much of his work is celebrated for its ability to create time, place, and character in succinct but rich detail. While he is best remembered for his interesting short fiction and clever novels, Maupassant also wrote a large number of poems as well as extensive travelogues. His travels throughout the continent affected both his fiction and nonfiction writing, making him as a true Renaissance man.
莫泊桑一直希望能從事文學(xué)創(chuàng)作，許多作家稱他為 法國的艾倫·坡，他也被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代短篇小說的先驅(qū)。他以簡明、豐富的細(xì)節(jié)創(chuàng)建時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和人物，許多作品因此聞名于世。它主要因有趣、巧妙的小說為人們銘記，但他也寫過大量的詩作和游記。他踏遍歐洲大陸, 對小說和散文的創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這標(biāo)志著他是 一位真正的文藝復(fù)興式的人物。
Maupassant’s stories range from the short tale of few pages, one or two, to a full-length novel. They expose the realities in minute detail the pretenses and vulgarity of the period’s middle class and traditional low-down of the peasants.
莫泊桑的故事篇幅長短不等，從一兩頁的短篇小說到長篇小說都有涉獵。在其作品中，他細(xì)致入微地揭露現(xiàn)實(shí)，揭露中產(chǎn)階級的虛偽和粗俗，展現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民的生活真相。
His style is characterized by being simple and direct, sometimes comic and ironical. His work reflects his interest in the emotional problems of all classes and his passion for women. He excelled at revealing the hidden sides of people.
莫泊桑作品的特點(diǎn)是簡潔凝練，有時(shí)帶有喜劇色彩和諷刺意味。從作品中可以看出，他對各階層的情感問題很感興趣，以及他對女性的仰慕，他擅長揭示人物的內(nèi)心世界。
His first success, and one of his best short stories, Boule de suif (“Ball of Fat，”）express the hypocrisy and ingratitude of the bourgeois in the face of a heroic gesture by a woman of the streets. It was published when he was 30. Over the next ten years, Maupassant produced many brilliant works. He published around 300 short stories, novels, travel books and poems.
《羊脂球》是莫泊桑第一部成功之作，歌頌了一位妓女的英雄壯舉，對資產(chǎn)階級的虛偽和忘恩負(fù)義進(jìn)行了批判，這部小說在他30歲時(shí)發(fā)表。接下來的10年中, 莫泊桑創(chuàng)作了許多杰作。共出版了大約300篇短篇小說、游記和詩作。
However his huge success had much to do with his mentor, Gustavo Flaubert. Flaubert counseled his disciple in his philosophy of writing. He advised his student to write of the things that he knew about and he was to disregard any ideas of making money from his art.
然而，莫泊桑的巨大成功和他的文學(xué)導(dǎo)師福樓拜是分不開的。福樓拜悉心指導(dǎo)莫泊桑的寫作方法，建議他寫熟悉的事物，并告誡他寫作是一種藝術(shù)，而不是謀生的手段。
On language precision and conciseness Flaubert remarked, “No matter what it is we’re going to depict， only one noun will do with its illustration, only one verb with the movement, and only one adjective tells it apart from others. We must keep honing and refining until we find that noun, verb or adjective. We cannot stop at being close. Neither should we refrain from difficulties and make do with similar second best words.” This is the renowned “one-word theory” in the world literature.
在語言的準(zhǔn)確和精練上，福樓拜教導(dǎo)莫泊桑說：“我們無論描寫什么事物，要說明它，只需一個(gè)名詞；要賦予它運(yùn)動(dòng)，只需一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；要區(qū)別它的性質(zhì)，只需一個(gè)形容詞。我們必須不斷地推敲，直到找到這個(gè)詞為止。不能滿足于差不多，不能逃避困難而用類似的詞語敷衍了事。”這就是世界文學(xué)史上所謂“一語說”的來源。
Maupassant’s great achievement in his writing career proves that the secret of writing lies in lasting resilience, perceptive observation, careful refinement and the exactness of language.
曰后莫泊桑在創(chuàng)作上取得的巨大成就證明：堅(jiān)持不懈、體察入微、精心提煉和準(zhǔn)確使用語言確實(shí)是寫作的訣竅。
