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The contrast between these two women's relationships with their husbands and their families of origin
從這兩位婦女與她們的丈夫的關系及與其娘家關系的對比
illustrate how fluid were the meanings and practice of the three terms of my title
可以說明題目中三個主體的意義與實踐是不定的
marriage, love and lineage constituted the social framework of Venice's ruling class in the 15th and 16th century
婚姻，愛情與血統構成15和16世紀威尼斯統治階層的社會結構
But the possible permutations of their interaction over time
但久而久之，三者的相互作用會醞釀著潛在的變化
in the relationship of any one married couple made it a flexible framework
在任何夫妻之間都是如此，由此產生了一個靈活的框架
Jacob Burckhardt in his great 1859 classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy contrasted lively creative Florence
acob Burckhard在他1859年的經典之作《意大利文化復興時期的文明》中對比了富有生機和創造力的弗洛倫薩
The city of incessant movement as he called it with stable placid Venice
他稱之為，不斷變化的城市和穩定寧靜的威尼斯之間的區別
which for Burckhardt was the city of apparent stagnation where history seemed to stand still
他稱后者是，明顯的停滯在那里，歷史仿佛停滯不前
Well Venice certainly was more politically stable than Florence
后者在政治上比前者穩定
But stagnation is far off the mark
但說它停滯，卻有失偏頗
Venice's stability was a superstructure on top of the busy variably of lineage loyalty, family interest
威尼斯的穩定在于上層建筑建立在多事多變的血統忠誠度，家庭利益
And the unpredictable interplay of personality and sentiment
以及人格和情感不可預測的相互關系之上
Over the course of marriages lasting years or even decades in this fluid contingent dynamic
在婚姻之路上持續幾年甚至幾十年都不變，在這種不定，不可知的動態下
the pivotal elements were the status resources and interests of married women
最主要的因素是已婚婦女的地位，財力，和利益
Let's take a closer look at those three terms in the title
再看題目中的三個主體
Starting with lineage
我們先來看看血統
membership in the ruling class was more tightly controlled in Venice than in anywhere else in Italy
統治階級的成員資格有嚴格的控制，這點威尼斯更甚意大利其他地區
The government had adopted the principle of hereditary exclusiveness
政府采取世襲特權為原則
in the early 14th century and steadily tightened it in legislation
從14世紀早期開始在法律上漸趨嚴格
The process culminated in 1506 in an act of the Senate
這一過程在1506年達到頂峰，上院頒布了一條法令
requiring that all male births to patrician families
規定貴族家庭的新生男孩
be recorded in the famous golden books the Libro d'Oro
都要登記在那些著名的金皮書《Libro d'Oro》中
which from then on provided definitive documentation of the class's impenetrable exclusiveness
從此它便是最權威文件昭示著貴族階級堅不可摧的專有特權
This steady thickening of the wall around the patriciate
貴族階級的勢力日漸穩固牢靠
induced every noble as its members called itself
致使每一個貴族，他們自稱為貴族
to emphasize his membership in one of the 144 houses or cazzate
開始注重其在144個議院或宗族中的成員資格
That made up the patriciate in the early 1500s
這是15世紀初貴族的構成
These cazzate were further divided into lineages
宗族又細分為各個血統
which were the effective focus of group identification from these houses and lineages
這些能有效證明議院和血統的成員資格
Sprang the 2,600 adult men who governed the city and its Empire on land and sea
2600名成年男性統治這座城市和它海陸上的帝國
Lineage identity was also strengthened by distinctions within the patriciate based on antiquity or wealth
一個人的血統地位也通過貴族階級內部的遺物或財力的不同而加強
And it was given an even sharper edge
它被賦予了更為尖銳的優勢
