Oh, excuse me!
不好意思!
Have you ever yawned because somebody else yawned?
你是否曾因別人打哈欠而打哈欠?
You aren't especially tired, yet suddenly your mouth opens wide and a big yawn comes out.
你并不是十分疲憊,可突然間你的嘴巴就會(huì)大張,接著一個(gè)大哈欠便產(chǎn)生了。
This phenomenon is known as contagious yawning.
這種現(xiàn)象被稱為傳染性哈欠。
And while scientists still don't fully understand why it happens, there are many hypotheses currently being researched.
盡管科學(xué)家們還沒有完全了解它產(chǎn)生的原因,但人們目前卻正在對(duì)許多假說進(jìn)行研究。
Let's take a look at a few of the most prevalent ones, beginning with two physiological hypotheses before moving to a psychological one.
下面讓我們來看下其中幾個(gè)最為流行的說法,我們先從兩種生理學(xué)的假說入手,接著,我們會(huì)再來了解一種心理學(xué)的假說。
Our first physiological hypothesis states that contagious yawning is triggered by a specific stimulus, an initial yawn.
第一種生理學(xué)假說認(rèn)為傳染性哈欠是由一種特殊的刺激因素所導(dǎo)致,那就是最初的哈欠。
This is called fixed action pattern.
這被稱作固定行為模式。
Think of fixed action pattern like a reflex.
這就好比條件反射。
Your yawn makes me yawn.
你的哈欠引起我的哈欠。
Similar to a domino effect, one person's yawn triggers a yawn in a person nearby that has observed the act.
這與多米諾效應(yīng)很相似,一個(gè)人的哈欠會(huì)引發(fā)附近其他看到該行為的個(gè)體也打哈欠。
Once this reflex is triggered, it must run its course.
當(dāng)這種條件反射被激發(fā),它就必須順其發(fā)展。
Have you ever tried to stop a yawn once it has begun?
你曾試圖阻止過自己打哈欠嗎?
Basically impossible!
那基本是不可能的!
Another physiological hypothesis is known as non-conscious mimicry, or the chameleon effect.
另一種生理學(xué)假說被稱為非意識(shí)性模仿或變色龍效應(yīng)。
This occurs when you imitate someone's behavior without knowing it, a subtle and unintentional copycat maneuver.
它發(fā)生在人們對(duì)他人行為進(jìn)行無意識(shí)模仿時(shí),這種行為通常是細(xì)微且無意識(shí)的模仿動(dòng)作。
People tend to mimic each other's postures.
人們常常模仿他人的姿勢(shì)。
If you are seated across from someone that has their legs crossed, you might cross your own legs.
如果你坐在某人對(duì)面,而那個(gè)人正翹著二郎腿,你可能也會(huì)蹺起腿來。
This hypothesis suggests that we yawn when we see someone else yawn because we are unconsciously copying his or her behavior.
這種假說表明當(dāng)看到別人打哈欠時(shí)我們也會(huì)打哈欠,因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)無意識(shí)的模仿他人的行為。
Scientists believe that this chameleon effect is possible because of a special set of neurons known as mirror neurons.
科學(xué)家們相信這種變色龍效應(yīng)的可能性是源自一組特殊的神經(jīng)元它叫作鏡像神經(jīng)元。
Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell that responds equally when we perform an action as when we see someone else perform the same action.
鏡像神經(jīng)元是一種大腦細(xì)胞,它促使人們相應(yīng)地做出自己所看到的他人發(fā)出的。相同動(dòng)作。
These neurons are important for learning and self-awareness.
這些神經(jīng)元十分重要,特別是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和自我意識(shí)。
For example, watching someone do something physical, like knitting or putting on lipstick, can help you do those same actions more accurately.
例如,當(dāng)看到他人的某些動(dòng)作時(shí)如編織,或是涂口紅,它會(huì)幫助我們更加準(zhǔn)確地做出相同的動(dòng)作。
Neuroimaging studies using fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging, show us that when we seem someone yawn or even hear their yawn, a specific area of the brain housing these mirror neurons tends to light up, which, in turn, causes us to respond with the same action: a yawn!
神經(jīng)影像研究利用功能性磁共振成像發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我們看到別人打哈欠或甚至聽到別人打哈欠時(shí),大腦中容納鏡像神經(jīng)元的特殊區(qū)域會(huì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng),從而導(dǎo)致人們會(huì)做出相同的反應(yīng):打哈欠。
Our psychological hypothesis also involves the work of these mirror neurons.
從心理學(xué)假說來看,它也涉及到鏡像神經(jīng)元所產(chǎn)生的影響。
We will call it the empathy yawn.
我們稱之為共感哈欠。