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The result was a period of aggressive imperialism and preemptive strikes, which led to the destruction of Carthage and Corinth in one forty six BC.
結果就是一段時期激進的帝國主義以及先發制人的打擊，最后在公元前146年摧毀了迦太基和科林斯
Two. Don't you need somebody to hate?
第二點，你是否需要一些憎恨的對象?
Some nations function best when they are angry.
一些國家運行良好，因為他們滿腹怒氣
The Roman historian Sallust pointed this out as early as the 1st century BC with his theory of the metus hostilisor foreign fear.
羅馬歷史學家塞勒斯特提出這一點，早在公元前一世紀他就提出了外國恐懼的理論
He observed that the metus hostilis,
他發現，對外國的恐懼
the fear of foreigners, was able to enabled ambitious generals to raise client armies
對外國人的擔心可以讓有雄心壯志的將領組織軍隊
and threaten the state. The justified fear Romans felt at hearing the words Hannibal ad portas was channeled into Cato the Elder's obsessive repetition of the word
對其他國家造成危險，羅馬也有那樣的恐懼。當他們聽到，漢尼拔打上門來時，那最后也就變成了老加圖，一次次重復
that Carthage had to be destroyed,Karthago delendaest. Although Carthage was virtually harmless
迦太基應該被摧毀，盡管實際上迦太基不會造成任何危害
from a military standpoint, a war was provoked
從軍事角度來講是這樣，挑起戰爭
and Carthage was duly destroyed in one forty six BC.
迦太基在公元前146年被摧毀
According to Sallust,
據塞勒斯特說
who had himself once been thrashed in public by the husband of a woman he was horsing around with, the Romans became weak and morally flabby once thismetus hostilisor fear of foreigners had been eradicated.
他曾經在公眾面前被重創，他調戲過的女人的丈夫打了他，羅馬變得虛弱不堪，道德也不再。原來，這種對外國人的恐懼，已經被徹底消除了
Three. The Great National Gut-Check.
第三，仔細研究偉大的國家
Rome had been sorely tested, but had proven worthy.
羅馬曾受到檢驗，但這是有意義的
The fact that the Romans had actually
事實是，羅馬人們實際上已經
out-gutted Hannibal after he invaded Italy
因為漢尼拔膽顫心驚，他侵略了意大利
filled them with confidence that
他充滿了信心
they could handle anything.
他們無所不能
They never forgot the battle of Cannae
他們一直都沒有忘記坎尼會戰
in two sixteen BC, in which Hannibal destroyed their Roman forces. If anything,
那是在公元前216年，那時漢尼拔摧毀了羅馬的軍事力量
they placed the battle of Cannae on a pedestal and tried to use Hannibal's tactics against their own enemies every chance they got,
他們在坎尼會戰中，就是利用了漢尼拔的策略，他們一旦有機會就反抗敵人
as did generals for millennia afterward.
和幾千年之后的將領們一樣
Rome did not enter either of the Punic Wars in order to become the most important power the Mediterranean. As far as the Romans could tell, the Punic wars just happened.
羅馬參與到布匿戰爭中，不是為了成為地中海強權。羅馬人還能記得布匿戰爭就這樣發生了
Notice, too, that for all the honor Scipio Africanus won and rightly so, for invading Africa and taking the fight to Carthage, thereby ending the second Punic War,
請注意，這都是為了向大西庇阿致敬，他侵略了非洲，也開始了與迦太基的大戰，就這樣結束了第二次布匿戰爭
Fabius Maximus the Delayer got even more credit for managing to buy Rome time.
喜歡拖延的馬克西姆斯得到更多榮譽，因為他為羅馬贏利了時間
Scipio had flaunted the mos maiorum because he had been elected consul before he was old enough to run for election, and that was something that the mos maiorum just didn't encourage.
西庇阿炫耀古老的傳統，因為他被選為羅馬執政官，而那時他還未到選舉要求的年齡，那也就是在古老傳統中不受鼓勵的地方
