評論
打印
When the need for soldiers became too great, generals
當對于戰士的需求變得非常大時
such as Marius and Sulla recruited,trained,and paid
像馬呂斯和蘇拉的將軍們用自己的錢
entire armies at their personal expense.These client
招募，訓練，發錢給整個軍隊
armies achieved great things for Rome in the last
這種私人軍隊在公元前二世紀的最后十年
decade of the second century BC.
為羅馬取得了很大成就
But they also set an awful precedent.
但是他們打開了不好的先河
These client armies were loyal to their generals first,
這些私人軍隊首先對他們的軍官忠誠
and only then loyal to Rome.
然后才對羅馬忠誠
Marius did indeed dismiss his client army after his last consulship in one hundred BC, but future warlords
馬呂斯確實在公元前100年最后執政期后解散了他的私人軍隊
would not show similar restraint.
但是未來的軍閥并沒有像他這樣克制
Segment nine B: Romans and Hellenism.
第九節 B 羅馬人與古希臘文化
Roughly a quarter of a century ago, the deluxe yours
大約在25年前 Deluxe Yours
truly was a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. That's hard to believe.
確實是威斯康星密爾沃基大學的一名二年級學生，這很讓人相信
I was frankly astonished to be passing first-year Latin
我很驚訝我能通過第一年的拉丁語課
And I was shocked when my Latin professor told me that
當我的拉丁語教授告訴我
I had to start first-year Ancient Greek at the beginning of my junior year. My anguished question,
我得再三年級開始時學習第一年的古希臘語我痛苦的問道
"But... but... why?" was answered with this fundamental
"但是，但是，為什么?" 答案就是
truth of Classical studies: "You cannot be an educated Roman without being an educated Greek."
古典研究最根本的真理 "要成為有教養的羅馬人你得先成為有教養的希臘人"
This was true to an extent from the beginning of
某種程度上講，這對于羅馬歷史的開端是
Roman history. Though the Etruscans were by far the biggest outside influence upon the Roman civilization,
正確的，雖然伊特路亞人在當時是對羅馬文明影響最大的外來因素
the Greeks had undeniably influenced the Etruscans.
但是希臘人不可否認地影響了伊特魯利亞人
For all intents and purposes,the Etruscans'deities were renamed Ancient Greek deities, and the Romans' deities
出于任何意圖與目的，伊特魯利亞人的神們被改名為古希臘的神們，而羅馬人的神們
were basically renamed Etruscan deities. Yet there were
也基本被改名為伊特魯利亞人的神們
more sources of Greek influence. Even before the first
但是更多是受希臘的影響
little settlements on the hills, which became Rome,
甚至在落腳于山上前，這后來變成了羅馬
the Greeks had been quite active in colonizing Sicily
希臘人已經很積極地在殖民西西里島
and southern Italy. Rome traded and fought with
和意大利南部，羅馬與說希臘語的意大利城市
Greek-speaking Italian cities to the south, and may well
交易，斗爭，一路向南，也許還和
have had dealings with mainland Greece too,although not
希臘大陸打過交道
everyone believes this to be a fact. Some say the Roman
雖然不是所有人都相信這點
sent a fact finding mission to Greece before drafting
有人說在公元前45年起草第十二代碼表??
the Code of XII Tables around four fifty BC.Yet,even then, the Romans were not above holding a little bit
以前羅馬派出使團前往希臘但是甚至在那時，羅馬人也沒有一點點怨恨
of resentment. Note that the Romans particularly
注意到羅馬人特別
cherished the myth about Aeneas founding Rome precisely
對埃涅阿斯找到羅馬這個神話有感情
because he was not just a Trojan hero of divine lineage
因為他不只是一個有神圣血統的特洛伊英雄
it was because he was a Trojan as opposed to a Greek.
還因為他是反對希臘的一個特洛伊人
