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When Carthage retaliated against Numidia,
在迦太基反擊努米底亞時
this fact gave the war party at Rome, led by a mean old dude named Cato the Elder,
這一事實引來了羅馬的主戰派，那是由一個叫老加圖的人領導的
an excuse to attack under the ius fetialis. But in fact,
在使節制度下進攻的借口，但事實上
the Third Punic War was aggressive imperialism plain and simple. Carthage was no longer a danger to anyone, and Rome had no real need to attack. But Cato the Elder relied on his immense personal authority as a leading senator and former censor by ending all of his public utterances with Karthago delenda est, or Carthage MUST be destroyed.
第三次布匿戰爭是帝國主義的迦太基已經不再對任何人構成威脅，羅馬也并不真的需要打仗，但是老加圖卻依賴于他個人的權威領導著整個元老院，還有之前的檢查院。他不再發表任何公開的言論，不再說Karthago delenda est，意思就是迦太基必然滅亡
And destroyed it was, by none other than the future Scipio of Numantia.
但盡管它被摧毀，也只有未來的努曼提亞的西庇阿才能做到
The site of Carthage was supposedly sown with sea salt and its remaining possessions became the province of Africa.
人們認為迦太基的大地上還遺留著海鹽，而它其他的財富都成為非洲的一個省份
The cruel sack of two great old cities,
兩座偉大古城的洗劫
Carthage and Corinth, marked Rome's control
迦太基和科林斯
of the Mediterranean world,
都意味著羅馬對地中海地區的控制
and Rome's determination to hold onto everything
羅馬也堅決地竭盡全力
it had captured.Yet Rome itself was on the verge of being captured.
但是羅馬本身也處于被征服的危險邊緣
From Romulus's day on, Romans had always been in contact with Greek civilization,
在羅穆盧斯的年代，羅馬一直是與希臘文明保持接觸
either through the Etruscans or through the Greeks themselves.
或是通過伊特魯里亞人，或者直接通過希臘人
But the good old mos maiorum was about to be challenged by the advanced learning and luxurious lifestyles
但很好的舊制度卻由于人們學識增加受到挑戰，也受到奢侈生活方式的挑戰
Romans encountered on the Greek mainland while fighting wars with the ancient Greeks.
羅馬人與希臘人相識，但也在古老的希臘大地上戰斗
Suddenly the ways of the Roman ancestiors, the glorious mos maiorum, weren't quite as dazzling as tey had seemed before.
但忽然之間，羅馬人的祖先們，他們有著輝煌的制度，但卻不如從前那樣絢爛
How Rome rose to this challenge is no less impressive than Rome's victories over Carthage and over the Greeks. Segment eight E; Conclusions.
羅馬應對挑戰的方法并非令人印象深刻，遠比不上羅馬大勝迦太基，也比不上它擊敗希臘人，第五部分，結論
One. The Hannibal Channel.
首先，漢尼拔頻道
Like many males over the age of thirty-five,
像很多三十五歲的男子
I have been known to watch the History Channel from a while. Although this is not necessarily an endorsement of their undoubtedly fine programming,
我也看了一段時間的歷史頻道，盡管不是必須，不是必須支持他們的節目
they do have many illustrative shows about a wide range of nations, cultures, and related topics.
但卻是有一些精彩的部分，關于眾多國家，文化及相關問題
But they are also, at least at this time, kind of fixated on Adolf Hitler.
但他們也是，至少這一次關注阿道夫，希特勒
This reflects the previous generation's tendency to fixate upon the Second World War and on the beginning of the Cold War.
這也顯示了上一代人的一個趨勢，即關注第二次世界大戰以及冷戰的開始
This also explains why some of us refer to the History Channel as the, quote, unquote, Hitler Channel. Talking about my generation,
這也解釋了為什么我們中的一些人，把歷史頻道稱為希特勒頻道講到我們這一代人
we are more or less historically fixated on the end of the Cold War. Your generation, you being kids, will have to fixate on the terrorist attacks of September eleventh, two thousand and one.
我們多少有點對歷史念念不忘，尤其是對于冷戰結束時的歷史，你們這一代，你們那是還是孩子，你們則關注。911恐怖襲擊事件，那是2001年的事
My generation is fixated on that too, but we have less time, you literally have decades.
我們這一代人也關注這一問題，但我們的時間卻少得有限，你們卻有幾十年
The ancient Romans fixated upon Hannibal's invasion of Italy.
古羅馬關注的是漢尼拔侵略意大利
The experience of having Hannbal spend more than a decade pillaging Italy
這一段故事是漢尼拔花了十多年的時間掠奪意大利
filled the Romans with a need to keep their enemies as far away as possible.
當時羅馬人需要盡力趕走敵人，趕得越遠越好
