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From a physical health perspective
從生理健康的角度來看
if you follow children from infancy through childhood
從嬰兒期到童年期
through school age, into adolescence
到學齡期 再到青春期
everything you can measure gets better and stronger
所有測量的生理指標都顯示他們變得越來越強
Strength, speed, reaction time, reasoning abilities
力量 速度 反應時間 推理能力
immune function
免疫功能
resistance to cold, heat, hunger, injury, dehydration
抵御寒冷 炎熱 饑餓 損傷 脫水的能力
you name it
只要想得到的各種能力都變得越來越強
Everything gets better cognitively, physically
無論是認知方面還是生理方面都變得越來越好
but what happens to overall morbidity and mortality
但學齡時期和青春期結束時期
between school age and the end of adolescence
孩子的發(fā)病率和死亡率呢
It increases 200 to 300%
它們分別上升了200%和300%
The primary sources of morbidity and mortality
發(fā)病率和死亡率上升的主要原因
are problems of controls of behavior and emotion
是行為和情感的控制能力出現(xiàn)了問題
You see increase rates of accidents
人們看到青少年的事故率
suicide, homicide, depression
自殺率 殺人率 抑郁發(fā)病率
alcohol and substance use
酗酒和吸毒率升高
violence, reckless behavior
暴力和魯莽行為增多
eating disorders
飲食變得不規(guī)律
sexually transmitted diseases
性病發(fā)病率升高
health problems related to risky sexual behaviors
和危險性行為相關的健康問題增多
and as it has already been highlighted
正如前面已經(jīng)提到的
obesity in childhood and adolescence
童年和青少年時期出現(xiàn)的肥胖癥
is very very likely to lead to lifetime obesity
極有可能演變成終生肥胖
Now this is just a few simple data slides
這里顯示了一些簡單的數(shù)據(jù)
if you look at overall morbidity and mortality...
大家看看整體上的發(fā)病率和死亡率數(shù)字
this is the death rates in a ten year period from 5 to 14
這是5歲到14歲10年之間的死亡率
total death rates in the United States back in 2003, 6,900
美國2003年的死亡率為6900人
It takes a comfortable 10 year period
從青春期中期到成年早期
that goes from mid-adolescence to early adulthood
這10年間
and it's tripled
死亡率增加了兩倍
The main sources of injuries, homicide and suicide
造成死亡的主要原因是受傷 他殺和自殺
But that's only the tip of the iceberg
但這只是冰山的一角
because if you take something like smoking behavior
因為如果青少年開始吸煙
which's gonna show up with morbidity and mortality decades later
那么幾十年后他們的發(fā)病率和死亡率就會上升
almost everyone's gonna be an adult smoker
幾乎所有人成年后都會吸煙
and have eczema and heart disease related problems
出現(xiàn)濕疹和心臟疾病的人
begin smoking between ages of 10 to 20 years of age
幾乎都是10歲到20歲之間的吸煙人群
I can show you the same data for alcohol
我還可以給大家看看飲酒相關的數(shù)據(jù)
The increase in binge drinking, heavy drinking
瘋狂飲酒 大量飲酒
problematic drinking is happening during adolescence
非正常飲酒都發(fā)生在青春期
In fact, if you do a cartoon version
事實上 大家看看這種圖
and you look at increase in drug use disorders and depression
大家可以看到藥物濫用和抑郁癥都出現(xiàn)了上升
they are very very different trajectories
它們有完全不同的發(fā)展趨勢
except here
除了這里
the inflexion point up is happening in mid-adolescence
交匯處就發(fā)生于青春期
