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In 1998, the Danish government issued a voluntary ban
1998年，丹麥政府頒布條例，
on antibiotic growth promoters or AGP's in pork production
希望人們自愿放棄在豬肉生產過程中使用抗生素作為催長素，
and made the ban mandatory on January 1st,
這條條款在2000年1月1日開始強制執行
In 1998, the use of antibiotics for growth
1998年抗生素的使用減少了一半，
was cut by 50% with only minimum increases in disease or mortality,
但家畜的死亡率只有少量增長，
but by the end of 2000,
但是到2000年底
farmers reported a sharp incline in disease and mortality in the first two weeks after birth during weaning.
民眾稱，家畜在出生兩周內的致病率和死亡率激增，
Veterinarians intervened by prescribing antibiotics for therapeutic use in an effort to stem major losses.
于是獸醫認為應該使用抗生素來治療這些疾病，避免養殖戶遭受更大的損失，
As you can see by the chart,
正如表格中所顯示的
there is an increase in overall antibiotic use
抗生素的總用量增加了，
because the need for therapeutic antibiotics increased as the use for growth promotion stopped.
因為盡管抗生素不再被用作催長素，但被用于醫療目的的抗生素則數量激增，
More disturbing, however, is the fact that therapeutic intervention means that more drugs,
更讓個人不安的是，用抗生素來治療和預防家畜疾病就意味著我們需要更多的藥品，
such as tetracycline, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin, better known as cipro, are needed.
例如阿奇霉素和環丙沙星等
In Denmark, the incidence of increased therapeutic drugs in swine
在丹麥，隨著用于醫學目的的抗生素在家畜身上越來越多地使用，
correlated to a strong increase in antimicrobial resistance to food-borne microbes including campylobacter and salmonella.
人們對來自于食物中的細菌開始產生越來越強的抗藥性，包括彎曲菌屬和沙門氏菌
American pork producers have estimated that
美國豬肉制品生產商們預計，
to institute such a program to ban AGP's would have the same result
如果美國出臺法案禁止將抗生素用于促進家畜的生長
thereby increasing the need for therapeutic antibiotics at an estimated ten year
同樣也會使用于醫療目的的抗生素的使用數量激增，
cost of over 700 million dollars for therapeutic intervention.
預計在十年間，用于醫療干預的資金將達到7億美元
That cost would be passed to consumers
而這些資金將被轉嫁給消費者，
to avoid profit losses with an estimated increase in prices of approximately of 2% per year
也就是說，除了市場本身的價格波動和生產成本的上漲，
in addition to normal price fluxes for production costs.
每年豬肉的價格會額外增長2%
In summary, organic farmers are prohibited from using antibiotics while large feed lot operations,
總而言之，有機食農場不允許使用抗生素，
known as CAFO's, use them as a regular part of an animal's feeding regimen.
而大規模的圍欄肥育農場則可以將抗生素作為飼料的一部分
Antibiotics are allowed by the FDA to be used for the following four reasons:
農業部規定，抗生素可以用于以下四種情況:
therapeutic use for animals that exhibit clinical disease,
用抗生素治療身患疾病的動物，
control use on herds where the morbidity/mortality rate has exceeded an acceptable baseline,
用于發病率和死亡率高于可接受的基線的動物種群
prevention-prophylaxis use on exposed healthy animals to minimize the onset of disease,
來對疾病進行控制用于動物的流行病預防以減少疾病的發病
and growth promotion where antibiotics are used as additives to improve physiological performance of animals.
最后是將抗生素用作一種飼料添加來促進動物的生長
While the use of antibiotics is sometimes criticized,
盡管抗生素的使用廣受批評
as the final two studies have shown,
正如后兩個例子所顯示的
the therapeutic use of these drugs for the treatment
用抗生素治療身患疾病的動物
and control of disease in animals is necessary for worldwide safe food.
對于在全球范圍內保障食品安全是十分必要的
