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The markets are full of dietary supplements,
市場上到處都是營養(yǎng)補充劑
and it's difficult to know which if any might be useful to promote health, resist disease, or improve well being.
但是我們很難判斷哪種對健康有益，能夠提高抵御疾病的能力或者提高身體素質(zhì)，
This presentation will outline the basic information about dietary supplements
本講將會給大家講述關(guān)于營養(yǎng)補充劑的基本信息，
and provide helpful information about their contributions to a healthy lifestyle.
并且就它們?nèi)绾螏椭覀冃纬山】档纳罘绞浇o大家提供有益的信息
Dietary supplements are widely available and used by many Americans.
營養(yǎng)補充劑十分普遍，很多美國人都在用它們，
There remains much confusion about the value of these products and their impact on overall health.
但是關(guān)于這些產(chǎn)品的價值以及它們對健康的影響，還有很多疑惑需要解答，
This discussion will identify the main types of dietary supplements
本講將會講述營養(yǎng)補充劑的分類，
and clarify when and how they can be used to promote health.
以及何時，怎樣服用才能促進身體健康
A supplement is intended to supplement the diet.
補充劑是用來補充營養(yǎng)的
The main feature of a supplement is that it is very different from food.
補充劑的主要特征就是，它與食物十分不同，
It contains one or more ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, botanicals,or herbs.
它含有多種物質(zhì)，例如維生素，礦物質(zhì)，植物性藥物或者中草藥，
And is intended to be taken orally in pill, capsule, liquid, or tablet form.
一般需要以片劑膠囊和液體形式服下，
Supplements are labeled as supplements on their front panel.
補充劑在包裝上就要標(biāo)明產(chǎn)品屬性
In the picture shown on the slide,
在幻燈片上的這張圖上，
you can see that this particular vitamin supplement includes calcium and Vitamin D, which are two ingredients.
我們可以看到這種維生素補充劑含有鈣和維生素D，它們是兩種重要成分，
It is taken orally in the form of tablets,
它是片劑需要口服，
and it is labeled as a supplement on its front panel.
在包裝上直接標(biāo)明是補充劑
Vitamin and mineral supplements have been available to consumers for over 100 years.
維生素和礦物質(zhì)補充劑已經(jīng)有100多年歷史了，
These products are typically mixtures of known essential nutrients in quantities defined by the National Academy of Sciences
這些產(chǎn)品主要由必須的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)組成，這些物質(zhì)是由國家科學(xué)院推薦的
and their Recommended Dietary Allowances or the RDA.
日攝食量(RDA)確定的
The label on these supplements defines the percent of the RDA that is met by one dose of the product.
這些補充劑上的標(biāo)簽界定了每單位藥劑中包含的RAD比例
In general, vitamin and mineral supplements are safe to be consumed when they contain around 100% of the RDA.
通常情況下，當(dāng)維生素和礦物質(zhì)補充劑中含有100%的RDA時，它們是安全的，
Supplements with much more than the RDA, 200% or greater,
而如果超過了RDA的量，達到了200%RDA
are not necessary and may cause toxicity.
那么對人體就是有害的，
Recently the market for vitamin and mineral supplements
最近維生素和礦物質(zhì)補充劑的市場進一步擴大，
has been expanded to provide mixtures targeting specific populations such as women, men,or the elderly.
商家開始提供專為婦女，男士，兒童，老人等不同群體設(shè)計的補充劑，
These age and gender blends are valuable because,
這種區(qū)分是十分有益的
for example, after menopause women generally do not need iron supplements
例如更年期過后的婦女基本上已經(jīng)不需要補充鐵元素了，
whereas younger women can benefit from iron supplementation.
而年輕女性則需要補充鐵元素
More recently, some products have been marketed for specific diseases by combining known nutrients with herbal compounds.
最近，還有一些產(chǎn)品將營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和中草藥結(jié)合，據(jù)說對某些疾病有特殊功效
Calcium and Vitamin D supplements are widely used.
鈣和維生素D補充劑的應(yīng)用十分普遍
Both are required for developed and maintenance of strong bones and teeth.
這兩種物質(zhì)對于保持骨骼和牙齒強健都是必不可少的，
Calcium helps heart, nerves, and muscles work properly.
鈣能促進心臟神經(jīng)和肌肉功能，
The total daily intake of calcium should not exceed 2,500 milligrams.
每天的鈣攝入量不應(yīng)該大于2500毫克
When using calcium supplementation,
在服用鈣補充品的時候，
adequate water intake is important to prevent possible side effects of constipation and stomach upset.
要同時大量飲水以防止產(chǎn)生副作用，比如便秘和
It is recommended not to take these supplements
胃部不適，如果曾患過腎結(jié)石或者有患前列腺癌的風(fēng)險，
if you have a history of kidney stones or if you are a male at risk for prostate cancer.
那么不建議服用鈣補充液
Calcium supplementation can react with blood pressure medications and cholesterol.
鈣補充液能夠與降壓藥和降血脂藥產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)
