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Trade died down as opposed to Roman times,
與羅馬帝國時期相比,那時的貿易斷絕
a life become local and substitution
生活變的只限于當地交易和易物交換
the West had little communication with other regions
金錢退出了流通循環,西部地區與外界的聯系越來越少
The West had reverted there was in the Dark Ages
西部地區又重新回到了
The Dark Ages
黑暗時代
Among the Franks, there rose a of capable rulers
而法蘭克地區出現了一位能干的統治者
you've all heard of Charlemagne called Charlemagne in French,
在法語里就是你所聽說過的查理大帝Charlemagne
in German called Karl der Gro, which is why his name
在德語里被稱作Karl der Gro 他的名字
of course mean in French, Charles the Great
在法語里意味著 "查理,那偉大的一位"
The Frankish kings one of ways they increase their power
法蘭克大帝用來增長實力的其中一種辦法就是
was they cooperated with the Pope in spreading religion
通過與教皇合作來擴大統治范圍
So when we talk about the role of Christianity in these virtues in knightly cultures
這就是基督教在統治中的角色,在騎士文化中的角色
Christianity was being spread throughout Europe at this time
基督教在這個時期風靡了歐洲
To a degree under Charlemagne
在查理大帝統治的時期盛行到了一個程度
then and Charlemagne crowned emperor on Christmas day 880 A D
然后查理大帝在公元880年的圣誕節被加冕為皇帝
The West was reunited but it's capital was not Rome
西部又得到了統一,但這一次首都并不是羅馬
It was Aachen or Aix-la-Chapelle, depending on your view of things
而是亞琛 Aachen 或是 Aix-la-Chapelle
Aachen it's part of Germany now,
亞琛如今是德國的一部分
depend on which decade or which century you're in was either part of France or part of Germany
它是歐洲的一個地區,時間和隸屬國家不同,有時是法國的,有時是德國的
I believe at the end of the World War II
我相信在二戰結束時
they actually had a plebiscite in this particular region
在這個地區進行過一次全民投票
and gave people the chance to vote which country they are part of
這次投票給民眾機會去選擇這片地區屬于哪個國家
And they voted to be part of Germany
最后投票結果是德國
So you can go see where Charlemagne is buried, in Aachen
所以你可以去看看查理大帝現在是被埋在亞琛的哪里
It is very interesting because for us who would go up in Missouri or go up in Springfield,
當你去美國的密蘇里或者斯普林菲爾德時,你會發現一件趣事
what's an old house in Springfield? 1910 or something
你們知道斯普林菲爾德的一所老房子嗎? 1910年前后
I grew up in Long Island a little town in North Shore
我在東海岸的一個小鎮,長島長大
and just up the street from my for my dad's business
從我爸爸單位所在的那條街
was a house was truly Washington used in Revolutionary times
能看到一棟華盛頓在美國獨立戰爭時期用的房子
it was built in 1750
建于1750年
So if you go up in the East, you know, let's all,
所以如果你去東部,你就會知道
you know some of these were old as 1750
有些東西是從1750年就存在著的了
