The Western Barbarians were Germanic and the Germanic, now again Germanic
西部的野蠻人屬于日耳曼人,我們又提到了日耳曼人
I see influence was to be a distinctive contribution to making of Europe
由此可見這個種族給歐洲形成帶來的獨特影響
We talked about the nature of these people before,
我們已經講過了這些人的本質特性
it's important to know though, that they did have a social organization
我們還需要知道他們具有社會組織性
and social organization was pretty much small tribe,
這些社會組織就是一些小型部落
and they had extremely strong sense of loyalty and tribal kinship
他們忠誠度很高并具有很深的親族聯系
They actually enjoy much more freedom than the citizens of the Roman Empire
實際上他們比羅馬帝國公民有更多的自由
Many tribes were roughly democracies who win their king or leader died
很多部落都通過殺死舊統領來爭取粗糙的民主制度
Elected new kings or leader
他們選舉自己新的國王或首領
They have a strong sense of loyalty to the king or chief
他們對于自己的國王和長官都十分忠誠
but no sense of loyalty for larger general institutions,justice was simple ordeal
卻對規模更大的上層機構沒有絲毫忠誠感,正義只是單純的神裁
Trial by battle
戰役的考驗
These Germanen, these Germanic people who overran the old Roman provinces did find it difficult to maintain
這些蔓延于并統治著古代羅馬各地的日耳曼人們,確實發現很難維持
any political organization more than the local level
超過地方級別的任何政治組織
And so these are one of the reasons people want to use this term
這就是為什么人們想用黑暗時代來描述
Dark Ages because more of this idea of world democracy,or world trade and stuff
當時的世界民主制度和世界貿易狀態
Everything had become local again with demise of the Roman Empire
當羅馬帝國隕落時所有的一切又恢復了當地性
Peasants were at the mercy of roaming bands
農民們的命運被掌握在了游牧民族手里
And so we first start developing a differentiation in Europe to New Europe of warrior and menial class
于是開始了歐洲的差別化,社會被分成了戰士階級和奴仆階級
And so Feudalism will come out of these Alright
從這時起封建主義便萌芽了 好了
Oh, working class of course,
哦,當然還有工人階級
Feudalism was the original pyramid scheme
封建主義好像一個基本的金字塔結構
I don't think we'll probably get to that today
我想我們今天大概不會深入講這一點