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In research studies calcium has been shown
對鈣質(zhì)的研究表明
to play a preventative role in colon cancer
鈣質(zhì)對結(jié)腸癌和乳腺癌起到防治作用
and breast cancer, especially breast cancer
尤其是對絕經(jīng)女性的
in pre-menopausal women. The exact mechanism
乳腺癌防治
by which calcium prevents cancer is unclear.
鈣質(zhì)防治癌癥的具體原理還不清楚
At the biochemical level it is clear that calcium
在生物化學(xué)層面，我們清楚的是
binds to both bile and fatty acids in the
鈣與胃腸道中的膽汁和脂肪酸結(jié)合
gastrointestinal tract to form insoluble complexes.
形成了無法溶解的復(fù)合物
Because the calcium is bound to the acids it reduces
因?yàn)殁}與酸的結(jié)合
the ability of the acids to damage cells located
降低了酸的能力
in the lining of the colon. Calcium also acts directly
破壞結(jié)腸粘膜的癌細(xì)胞
in reducing cell proliferation in the lining of
鈣還能直接抑制癌細(xì)胞在結(jié)腸粘膜的擴(kuò)散
the colon. Both mechanisms are thought to contribute
這兩種原理都支持了鈣質(zhì)
to calcium's prevention of cancer.
能夠防治癌癥的理論
A strong relationship between calcium intake 2002年
國家癌癥研究院發(fā)表的
and colorectal cancer risk was found
護(hù)士健康研究和保健專業(yè)醫(yī)生
in the participants of the Nurses' Health Study
隨訪研究
and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study
從研究對象身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了鈣攝入量
published by the Journal of the National Cancer
和直腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的密切關(guān)系
Institute in 2002. In this study researchers
在這個(gè)研究中
analyzed 135 thousand men and women and
研究人員分析了男性和女性共13萬5千人
found that people who consumed 700 milligrams
發(fā)現(xiàn)每天攝入700毫克鈣的人群
of calcium per day reduced their risk of colorectal
與每天攝入500毫克鈣的人群相比
cancer by 35 to 45% when compared to people
結(jié)腸直腸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了
with intakes of 500 mg of calcium per day or less.
35%到45%
This effect was only recognized in the
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一效果只會發(fā)生在結(jié)腸的末梢
distal area of the colon and intake showed
在近端結(jié)腸
no effect on the proximal colon.
沒有防治效果
Another study done by the National Institutes
另一個(gè)相關(guān)研究
of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet
由美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院下屬的
and Health Study which was published in 2009
美國退休人員飲食和健康研究協(xié)會完成
by Archives of Internal Medicine showed
并于2009年由《國家內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》發(fā)表
that high intakes of total calcium, dietary calcium
研究顯示總鈣，膳食鈣和鈣補(bǔ)充劑的高攝取量
and calcium supplements were associated with
能夠使男性的結(jié)腸直腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低20%
20% lower risk of colorectal cancer among men
使女性的這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
and 30% lower risk among women.
降低30%
A study published in 1998 by Cancer
《腫瘤流行病學(xué)生物標(biāo)志物和預(yù)防》
Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
于1998年發(fā)表的研究調(diào)查了
examined women living in Iowa.
居住在愛荷華州的女性
This study compared 34000 women divided into
研究將34000名女性分成兩組來作比較
two groups. One group consumed
每組成員每天攝取大約1280毫克的鈣質(zhì)
approximately 1,280 mg of calcium or more a day
或者更多，另一組成員每天攝取800毫克鈣
and was compared to a second group of women
或者更少
with calcium intakes of 800 mg per day or less.
兩組成員攝取的鈣質(zhì)
Total intakes in the two groups were from both
來源于膳食或者鈣補(bǔ)充劑
diet and supplements. The group of women
攝取更多鈣質(zhì)的女性
who consumed the higher intake of calcium
結(jié)腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
were associated with a 41% reduction
減少了41%
in colon cancer risk while the group of women
相比之下，攝取800毫克或更少鈣質(zhì)的
which consumed calcium intakes of 800 mg or less
另一組女性的結(jié)腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
per day showed no reduction in colon cancer risk.
沒有降低
The Nurses' Health Study published in 2002
2002年，護(hù)士健康研究
by the Journal of National Cancer Institute
發(fā)表在美國國家癌癥研究院期刊上
included 3000 women and concluded
研究對象包括3000名女性
higher calcium intakes of more than 800 mg
研究結(jié)果表明
per day reduced the risk of breast cancer
未絕經(jīng)的女性每天攝取大于800毫克的鈣質(zhì)
in pre-menopausal women. This study compared
能夠降低患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
two groups of women where one group consumed
該研究比較了兩組女性
a higher amount of calcium of 800 mg per day or more
一組女性每天攝取800毫克或更多的鈣質(zhì)
and the second group of women consumed
另一組女性每天僅攝取
a lower amount of calcium of 200 mg a day or less.
200毫克或更少的鈣
The group of women with the higher calcium intakes
攝取更多鈣質(zhì)的那組女性
consumed calcium specifically from dairy products
特別要從乳制品中獲取鈣
and in particular low fat or non-fat milk,
尤其是低脂或脫脂牛奶
yogurt and cheese. The researchers concluded
酸奶和奶酪，研究人員獲得結(jié)果
that increased calcium intake of 800 mg per day
每天800毫克的鈣攝入量
from dairy sources reduced the risk of breast cancer
能夠減少未絕經(jīng)女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
in pre-menopausal women but
但是對已經(jīng)絕經(jīng)的女性
not in post-menopausal women.
沒有效果
