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There is recent evidence that adequate
有新研究證明，膳食中充足的維生素D含量
levels of vitamin D in the diet may play a role
能夠在某些癌癥的防治方面起到作用
in the prevention of certain cancers. Thus far
能夠在某些癌癥的防治方面起到作用
the best studied role for vitamin D has been found
迄今為止，研究發現，維生素D的最顯著作用
in cancers of the colon and breast.
是對于結腸癌和乳腺癌的防治
In general vitamin D plays a role
總之，維生素D在維持健康細胞方面
in maintaining healthy cells and
能夠起到作用
when vitamin D levels are low
當維生素D水平比較低時
these protective effects may be compromised.
保護的效果就會弱化
Early studies that correlated cancer incidence
早期的研究將癌癥發病率
with sun exposure rates in populations
和人口的陽光照射率相聯系
began the search for a role of vitamin D in cancer.
這開始了對維生素D在癌癥防治方面的探索
This map illustrates the colon cancer mortality rates
這個地圖展示了美國各地的
in men throughout the United States.
直腸癌死亡率
Areas shown in red have the highest colon cancer
紅色的區域表示的是直腸癌死亡率最高的地區
mortalities while those in blue have the lowest.
藍色的區域則是最低的區域
It is fairly clear that states in the north
這幅圖清晰地向我們展示了
and eastern parts of the US, those with
在美國北部和東部
the longest winters, have the higher colon cancer
那些冬天最長的地區，直腸癌死亡率相對較高
mortality rates. Vitamin D may have a role
維生素D可能在癌癥防治方面
in cancer prevention. The graph above came
是起到作用的
form an epidemiological study and shows
上面這個來自于流行病學研究的圖表
geographic correlation. And inverse relationship
展示了地理上的關聯
was found between sunlight exposure levels and
陽關照射率和某些癌癥的發病
the rates of incidence and death for certain cancers.
和死亡率呈反比
Individuals living in northern latitudes
在北半球生活的人們要比在南半球生活的人們
were found to have higher rates of incidence
比在南半球生活的人們
and death for these cancers than those living
有更高的癌癥發病率
in the southern latitudes. The researchers
和死亡率
hypothesized that this is because UV B rays from
研究人員猜測該現象的原因是
sunlight are necessary to synthesize vitamin D.
陽光的紫外線對于合成維生素D是必要條件
This map illustrates the mortality of white females
這幅地圖體現的是 1970年到1994年
due to breast cancer from 1970 to 1994.
白人女性的乳腺癌死亡率
As shown here there is a correlation
此圖展示了美國北部，東北部和西部的
between the northern, northeastern and
一些州之間的關聯
some western states and increased rates
以及增長的乳腺癌發病率
of breast cancer. Again areas shown in red
紅色的區域仍然表示的是
have the highest breast cancer mortalities
是乳腺癌死亡率最高的地區
while those in blue have the lowest.
藍色的區域則是最低的區域
Most of the southern states are bright blue
南部的大部分州都是明亮的藍色
suggesting much lower incidence of breast cancer.
表明那里的乳腺癌發病率相對來說是很低的
The graph above came from the same
這幅圖表與之前幻燈片展示的那幅圖表
epidemiological study as shown on the previous slide.
來自于同一個流行病學研究
And again shows the geographic correlation.
這幅圖表再一次展現了地理上的關聯
And inverse relationship was found
以及太陽照射率和某些癌癥的
between sunlight exposure levels and
發病和死亡率
the rates of incidence and death for certain cancers.
成反比
The exact role of vitamin D in cancer prevention
人們對維生素D在癌癥防治方面的確切作用
is still unclear. However researchers know
還不是很清楚，但是研究人員知道
that vitamin D plays an integral role in
維生素D在細胞分化上起到了全部作用
cellular differentiation. Increased levels of vitamin D
維生素D水平的提高
decrease the growth of cancer cells and
能夠抑制癌細胞的擴散
stimulate cell death. Most vitamin D cancer research
加快癌細胞死亡,大多數已經完成的
that has been done is observational and
與維生素D相關的癌癥研究都是在觀察性研究
more epidemiological studies are needed
為了支持這些已有的發現
to support the findings that have been made.
還要進行更多流行病學研究
Observational studies include things like
觀察性研究包括食物攝取頻率問卷
food frequency questionnaires, interviews
訪談，記錄飲食攝入量等內容
and recording dietary intakes which are
這些形式都會出現
all subject to a large amount of misinformation and
大量的錯誤信息
error. Epidemiological studies are aimed where possible
流行病學研究目的是在可能的情況下
at revealing unbiased relationships between
揭示???與癌癥發病率和死亡率之間
exposures such as biological agents, stress
的同等關系，例如生物制劑
or chemicals to mortality or morbidity.
壓力以及化學制品等
