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A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place.
軍方創(chuàng)造了幾套有用的方法。它經(jīng)常把一項(xiàng)沖突按其發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所范圍歸人三大不同類 別中的一類。
There are" local" skirmishes, “regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be understood in a global context.
這三大類沖突是：“地方性”小規(guī)模戰(zhàn)斗、“地區(qū)性’”戰(zhàn)役和“戰(zhàn)略性”沖突。第三類 專指可能威脅一國生存因而必須從全球角度考慮的爭(zhēng)。
Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially 6 local in nature.
破壞環(huán)境的威脅也可以用同樣的方式來考慮。例如，大多數(shù)有關(guān)水被全部污染、空氣 被全部污染和非法傾倒垃圾的事例，其性質(zhì)從根本上講是地方性的。
Problems like acid rain, the contamination of underground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional.
像酸雨、地下含水土層被污染以及大片鯊出的石油基本上是地區(qū)性的。
In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the pattern appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.
在上述兩類中，可能有如此之多類似的具有地方性和地區(qū)性特殊問題性質(zhì)的事例在全 世界范圍內(nèi)同時(shí)發(fā)生，以致從表面形式看似乎是全球性的。然而這些問題本身仍然不真正是 戰(zhàn)略性的，因?yàn)槿颦h(huán)境的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)并沒有受到影響，文明的存在并沒有處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic.
然而，有一類新的破壞環(huán)境的問題確實(shí)影響全球的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，而且這些威脅基本上是戰(zhàn)略性的。
The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean-all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky.
過去四十年中大氣層氯的含量增加了百分之六百，這不僅發(fā)生在那些生產(chǎn)與此直接相關(guān)的氟里昂的國家，而且發(fā)生在所有國家的上空，還同樣發(fā)生在南極上空、北極上空和太平洋上空—從地球表面一直到天空深處。
