評論
打印
Antioxidants help slow or prevent oxidation in cells.
抗氧化物有助于延緩或阻止細胞內(nèi)的氧化
Oxidation of cells can lead to poor immune function,
細胞的氧化會導致免疫功能下降
health diseases and cancer. Red and purple fruits
招致健康問題甚至癌癥，紅色和紫色水果
contain the highest amounts of antioxidants and are
所含有的抗氧化物數(shù)量最多，因此人們應該
encouraged for people to eat because of their
多多食用這些水果，因為它們的
antioxidant levels. Children's dietary needs change
抗氧化水平較高，兒童的膳食需要會因為
by age and sex of the child. This graph illustrates
年齡和性別的差異而有不同，這張圖顯示了
the recommended servings for children according to
美國營養(yǎng)協(xié)會專為兒童推薦的
the American dietetics association. It is important
膳食搭配，父母必須了解
for parents to understand the nutritional requirements
他們孩子成長發(fā)育的營養(yǎng)需求
of their children for the child's growth and
這十分重要
development because requirements do change as
因為這些需求一定會隨著孩子的成長
children grow up. At ages 2 to 3 years it is important
而發(fā)生改變，在2到3歲的時候，須要
to note that both boys and girls require the same
指出的是男孩和女孩們都需要每一個
amount of requirements for each food group.
食物組中相同量的食物
As children grow up the nutritional requirements
隨著孩子漸長，這些男孩女孩對一些食物
that stay the same for both boys and girls are milk
仍保持相同不變的營養(yǎng)需求，包括牛奶和
and dairy, fruits, oils and extra calories. However,
奶制品，水果，油類和額外的卡路里，然而
the requirements do change for boys and girls at 4
在男孩女孩長到4到8歲以及更大時，這些
to 8 and older for the calorie intake, lean meats,
需求確實會發(fā)生改變，包括卡路里攝取，瘦肉
vegetables and grains. The requirements are
蔬菜和谷物，男孩對這一類型食物的需求
typically a half to one serving size higher for
在每一餐飯上通常是之前的兩倍
boys in this category. It is important for the children
這對孩子們的成長是很重要的
to reach these recommended serving sizes.
要達到這些推薦的膳食量
The serving sizes recommended are there to provide
推薦的備餐量的目的是提供
adequate energy and nutrients critical to the child's
對兒童的成長發(fā)育至關(guān)重要的
growth and development. If the daily requirements
能量及營養(yǎng)，如果總是不能滿足每日需求
are not met regularly health complications such as
一些并發(fā)癥就可能會出現(xiàn)，比如:
growth retardation, anemia from iron deficiencies,
發(fā)育遲緩，缺鐵性貧血
poor retention of school material and an increased
對所學內(nèi)容健忘，以及在成年之后
risk of developing chronic diseases during adulthood
發(fā)展為一些慢性病的風險增加
can incur. The government does try to help lower
政府在幫助降低這些風險方面確實在盡力
these risks by requiring foods to be fortified or
它要求食物必須經(jīng)過強化或者
enriched. A fortified food like low-fat milk means
增加營養(yǎng)，強化食品如低脂牛奶是說
that vitamins A and D which get lost when the fat
在去脂的過程中過濾掉的維生素A和D
is removed during processing have to be replaced
在抵達食用者之前必須
by law before reaching the consumer. And enriched
進行補回，另一方面，增加營養(yǎng)的
food like table salt has added iodine to help
食品，如調(diào)味鹽，里面加入了碘來幫助
consumers meet their dietary guidelines. The quality
食用者達到膳食指南的推薦，兒童的
of children's diet can be measured by the 2005
飲食質(zhì)量可以用2005年的健康飲食指數(shù)
healthy eating index. The index is divided into
來衡量，這個指數(shù)被分作了
12 different categories such as fruit, vegetables,
12個不同的類別，比如水果，蔬菜
meat and beans and milk. Every category is given
肉類，豆類和牛奶，每一個類別都給出了
a maximum school which means it meets the 2005
一個最大量，這意味著它與2005年的
dietary guidelines for Americans. The higher
美國人膳食指南是相符合的，單項的
the individual score reflects the score closer to
分數(shù)越高反映出它與指南越為接近
the guidelines. A high score can be given for a high
高的分數(shù)代表對某些食品的攝入量多
intake in foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains,
比如水果，蔬菜，谷物
meat and beans, milk and oil and low intake in
肉類和豆類，牛奶和油，同時對另一些攝入量
saturated fat, sodium and extra calories. This graph
低，如飽和脂肪，鈉和多余的卡路里，這份
was compiled in 2003-2004 for children ages 2 to 17.
圖表是在2003到2004年針對2到17
Displayed are the averages of the different age
歲的孩子編制的，上面顯示的是不同年齡組的
groups. The first important category to look at is
平均水平，我們要看的第一個重要類型是
the total score for all age groups. This score is
所有年齡組的總分，這個分數(shù)
barely meeting half of the maximum score for the
勉強達到年齡組滿分的一半
age groups. This shows the need of improvement
這說明孩子飲食改善的需求是
in children's diets all around. The maximum score
是廣泛存在的，在2至5歲年齡組中
was reached in 2 to 5 years for total fruit and milk
總的水果和牛奶消耗達到了滿分
and for all age groups the maximum score was
在所有年齡組中，總的谷類消耗
reached for total grains. Fruit and milk consumption
達到了滿分，所有的年齡組中，水果和牛奶
remain above half the maximum score for all age groups.
消耗保持在滿分的一半以上
