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The educated materials presented here
這里所用的教學材料
were developed by students and faculty
由愛荷華州立大學
of the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
食品科學與人類營養學系
at Iowa State University.
師生共同制作完成
Funding for this project was provided by grants
本項目的贊助資金來源于
from the American Cancer Society Midwest
美國中西部癌癥學會
and the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
以及蘭斯·阿姆斯特朗基金
The materials are intended for educational use
此材料僅供教育教學使用
and are not meant to provide medical advice.
不能作為醫學指導
We welcome your feedback about these materials.
我們歡迎您有關本材料的反饋
Please use the evaluation survey link on the homepage
請登陸主頁點擊評估調查鏈接
to provide your comments and suggestions.
告訴我們您的意見和建議
Sodium: to salt or not to salt? Why talk about sodium?
鈉:要用鹽還是不要用鹽?為什么要討論鈉?
Sodium is something that affects everyone, everyday.
鈉與每個人的日常生活都息息相關
Everybody eats it and most people are unaware
人們每天都會攝入鈉，大多數人卻沒有意識到
that they ingest far too much and are also unaware of
他們已經攝入了過量的鈉，也沒有意識到
the health implications of a high sodium diet.
高鈉食品對健康意味著什么
Currently the government is trying to
目前政府正試圖要求食品公司
push corporations to lower sodium in foods
在出售給消費者的食品中
available to consumers.
降低鈉的含量
Sodium is an essential mineral
鈉是一種非常重要的礦物質
which means it is vital for the human body.
這也意味著它對于人類身體健康意義重大
Chemically sodium is an electrolyte.
從化學意義上講鈉是一種電解質
Table salt is made up of both sodium and chloride.
餐桌上的鹽則是氯化鈉
Chloride is also an important nutrient.
氯化物也是一種重要的營養物質
But there's no major health concerns
但是在有關氯化物的攝入方面
related to consumption of chloride.
人們卻沒有特別的有關健康的憂慮
As stated earlier sodium is an electrolyte.
前面已經提到，鈉是一種電解質
A normal balance of electrolytes is essential to
正常的電解質的平衡狀態
the normal function of cells and organs.
對于細胞和器官的正常運轉非常重要
Electrolytes help maintain voltages across
電解質有助于
cell membranes especially
維持細胞跨膜電壓
in heart muscle and nerve cells.
尤其是心肌細胞和神經細胞
They also carry electrical impulses
它們還可以進行電脈沖
to create nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
來產生神經沖動和肌肉收縮
Kidneys work to
腎臟可以
keep the electrolyte concentrations in blood constant.
保持血液中的電解質濃度恒定
In simpler terms sodium helps
用簡單的話來講，鈉有助于
maintain balance of fluids,
保持液體的平衡
helps transmit nerve impulses
有助于神經沖動的傳遞
and influences contraction and relaxation of muscles.
以及影響肌肉的收縮和放松
Many foods naturally contain sodium.
許多食品天然地含有鈉元素
The main source of sodium in processed foods
加工食品中鈉的來源
plays an integral role in
在食品加工和食品安全方面
food processing and food safety.
起著不可或缺的作用
It enhances the flavor of foods by masking bitterness
它通過掩蓋苦和酸的味道
and acidity and has the ability to
來改善食品的口味
make sweets taste sweeter.
同時也可以使甜的味道更加濃烈
Salt regulates the fermentation of yeast
鹽可以在烘培食品和酒精飲料中
in baked goods and alcoholic beverages.
調節酵母的發酵過程
It is useful in the manipulation of aroma,
它也有助于調節食品的香味
color and texture of food.
顏色和質地
The most important function of salt is
鹽最重要的作用是
to preserve food and slow microbial growth
它有助于儲存食品，減緩微生物生長速度
which extends the shelf-life of perishable items.
使易腐敗食品延長保質期
The 2005 dietary guidelines for healthy adults is
2005年的健康成人膳食指南中推薦
2300 mg per day,
每天鈉的攝入量為2300毫克
while the populations that are high risk
而高危人群的攝入量則僅為
should only consume 1500 mg.
1500毫克
The average American consumes 3500 mg daily,
普通美國人每天攝入量為3500毫克
more than 1000 mg above the recommended amount.
這一數值比推薦值高了1000毫克
