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From the 1850s onwards it was in Gandhara that vast numbers of Buddhist shrines and sculptures were discovered and investigated, in fact more Buddhist sculpture and architecture comes from Gandhara than from any other part of ancient India.
自十九世紀五十年代以來，考古學家在犍陀羅地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的佛教圣地及雕像，數(shù)量比在其他古印度地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的總量還多。
And here, in the British Museum, we have a Buddha sculpture that perfectly matches the pose of the one in Battersea Park.
大英博物館中就收藏著這樣一尊與巴特西公園中一模一樣的佛像。
But this one isn't gold-it's carved from grey schist, a rock that contains fragments of crystal which make the stone glint and gleam in the light.
但此尊卻并非真金。它是由灰色頁巖打造，這是一種內(nèi)部含有結(jié)晶碎片的巖石，它在光照下光芒閃爍。
The Buddha's hands and face are more-or-less life-size, but the body is smaller, and he sits cross-legged in the lotus position with his hands raised in front of him.
佛像頭與手的大小與真人類似，但身體較小。他盤腿呈蓮花坐，手置于胸前。
On both shoulders he wears an over-robe, and the folds of the drapery form thick rounded ridges and terraces.
他的雙肩皆披袈裟，身上有表現(xiàn)袈裟褶皺厚重深刻的衣紋。
This drapery hides most of his feet, except for a couple of the toes on the upturned right foot, which you can just see.
腳大部分隱藏在衣服之中，只露出腳心朝上的右腳的幾個腳趾，你可以在這里看得一清二楚。
He looks serenely into the distance, his eyelids lowered.
他眼簾低垂，安詳?shù)刈⒁曋h方。
And his hair is gathered up into what seems to be a bun, but which is in fact a symbol of the Buddha's wisdom and enlightened state.
而他的頭發(fā)整體向上豎起，頂端似有發(fā)髻，但其實那是佛陀智慧的象征。
Rising from the top of his shoulders, surrounding his head, is what looks like a large grey dinner-plate-but of course is, in fact, his halo.
而他的雙肩往上至后頭后的圓盤狀物體是他的光環(huán)。
This virtually life-sized and lifelike figure must have been a startling sight for any Buddhist 1,800 years ago.
在1800年前，這樣的一尊雕像必定會令佛教徒心生恭敬。
Until shortly before then, the Buddha had been represented only by sets of symbols-the tree under which he achieved enlightenment, a pair of footprints, and so on.
在那之前，教徒們一直用一些象征物來代表佛陀，如他開悟時的菩提樹、一雙腳印等等。
To give him human form was entirely new.
這是他首次擁有人類的相貌。
The move towards representing Buddha as a man is described by the historian Claudine Bautze-Pichron:
在布魯塞爾自由大學教授印度藝術(shù)史的歷史學家克勞汀波茲匹克隆解釋道。
