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Seven years after the 2008 melamine contamination scandal that rocked China's dairy industry, small-scale Chinese farmers are struggling to remain in the industry as they face increasing domestic and international competition. For one, there has been heavy investment by domestic dairy brands into creating their own modern dairy ranches in order to more closely control milk supply and quality. These modern ranches are behemoths, housing at least 10,000 heads of cattle and feature cutting edge technology like robotized milkingand automated systems for feed, temperature, bedding and litter. China's Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd has begun construction on its own ranches in Zhangjiakou while one of China's largest dairy firms, China Mengniu Dairy Co., has been investing in 14 modern ranches since 2013.
七年前，三氯氰胺事件震動了中國奶制品行業(yè)，由于受到國內(nèi)和國外的競爭壓力，許多小型農(nóng)場正在生死線中掙扎。首先，國內(nèi)奶制品品牌正在加大投資，其目的是要建立自己的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)場，從而更加嚴格管控牛奶的供應(yīng)，并保證質(zhì)量。這些現(xiàn)代農(nóng)場規(guī)模巨大，每個農(nóng)場至少都有1萬只奶牛，并配有先進的設(shè)備，例如自動化的擠奶、喂養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)，并能夠自動調(diào)節(jié)溫度、幫助房室的建造，以及垃圾處理等問題。中國石家莊君樂寶乳液有限公司已經(jīng)開始在張家口建造自己的牧場，自從2013年起，中國最大的乳制品企業(yè)-蒙牛已經(jīng)投資了14個現(xiàn)代農(nóng)場。
These modern ranches are expected to phase out the small farms currently contracted with these firms, according to analyst Song Liang. Already, farmers report that dairy companies have been buying only four-fifths of their daily output since November.
分析師宋亮報告說這些現(xiàn)代農(nóng)場很有可能會迫使那些小農(nóng)場關(guān)閉。一些農(nóng)民報告說自從11月起，這些乳業(yè)公司只購買了四分之五的奶產(chǎn)品。
China, furthermore, is one of the world's largest dairy importers, having imported 1.5 million tons in nine months of 2014, a 36.5 percent increase from 2013. With more international free-trade agreements on the way, it will become even easier for overseas suppliers to join the race. The recently concluded China-Australia Free Trade Agreement will also see the removal of all tariffs on Australian dairy products within four to eleven years, which will in turn lower the prices of imported milk products. Prices for Australian-made baby formula in China may fall to more than half their current price,as it did when tariffs were cut for New Zealand products in 2013. Many local Australian dairy producers, taking advantage of Australia's current good dairy reputation, are making moves to enter the Chinese marketdue to the pricing dominance of large supermarket chains in theirown country. In May 2014, following a deal between China and Australia to expedite China's quarantine protocols, Norco Cooperative, based in Queensland, Australia, became the firstcompany to commercially ship fresh milk directly to China.
此外，中國是世界最大的奶制品進口國之一，在2014年的9個月的時間里，中國進口了1500萬噸奶制品，這比2013年增加了36.5%。隨著國際自由貿(mào)易的不斷發(fā)展，海外供應(yīng)商加入次行列的方式變得更為簡單。最近中澳兩國的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議將在未來4-11年的時間里免除澳洲奶制品關(guān)稅，這也將進一步降低進口奶制品的價格。在中國，澳大利亞的進口奶粉價格將會減少一半以上，在2013年，中國降低了新西蘭的奶制品關(guān)稅，隨之價格下降。許多澳洲當(dāng)?shù)氐哪讨破分圃焐汤昧四壳鞍闹蘖己玫哪讨破访曔M一步進入中國市場，這樣做是因為澳洲的連鎖超市價格一直居高不下。2014年5月，隨著中澳兩國簽署了免疫協(xié)議，澳大利亞昆士蘭的Norco公司成為了首家向中國直接運送新鮮牛奶的公司。
這一舉動很有可能為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民造成更大的壓力，特別是隨著全球糧食價格的上漲，牲畜的喂養(yǎng)價格也將上升。目前，他們只能勉強維持，被迫殺掉奶牛來緩解損失，或者是將產(chǎn)品以低價賣給養(yǎng)豬農(nóng)民，其他牛奶就直接傾倒。
For Caixin Online, this is Christina Guo.
這是克里斯提娜·郭為您帶來的財新報道。
譯文屬可可英語原創(chuàng)，未經(jīng)允許，不得轉(zhuǎn)載。
