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Before I continue with this presentation I would like to explain
在我繼續我的展示之前
some terms associated with cancer. In this presentation
我想要解釋一些有關癌癥的術語
we will focus on risk. Risk is the likelihood of
在這次展示里 我們將重點關注風險
developing cancer based on lifestyle choices
風險就是癌癥基于
and family history. Prevention is the
生活方式選擇和家族史的發展的可能性
lifestyle choices an individual takes to
預防就是一個人采取的生活方式選擇
reduce their risk of being diagnosed with cancer
來降低被診斷患有癌癥的風險
and reoccurrence is the return of cancer
復發是指治療后癌癥再次出現
after treatment. This presentation will focus on
這次展示將會重點關注
ways to reduce risk.It is important to understand
減低風險的途徑
the difference between pre menopausal breast cancer
理解更年期前乳腺癌和更年期后乳腺癌
and post menopausal breast cancer. Pre menopausal
的區別是至關重要的
breast cancer occurs in younger women
更年期前患乳腺癌發生在年輕女性身上
Often times the women who get this form of breast
通常 患有這種乳腺癌的婦女
cancer have a genetic predisposition and these cases
都是遺傳性的
are typically more severe and harder to treat
些病例通常很嚴重比較難治愈
Post menopausal breast cancer is a more common form
更年期后患乳腺癌在年紀較大的
and occurs in older women. It is linked
女性身上更為常見
to a younger age at a woman's first period and
這和女人年輕時的初潮
an older age at the start of menopause. Women also
以及年老時的更年期初期有關
have a higher risk for developing breast cancer
女性也可能有更高的患乳腺癌的風險
if they have no children or are older when they
如果他們沒有孩子或者年紀很大了才要孩子
have their first child. There is also a strong link
在中年或者更年期后患乳腺癌
to obesity after mid life and post menopausal
很容易肥胖
breast cancer. This map shows incident rates of
這張圖展示了2007年
breast cancer in females by state in 2007
個州女性患乳腺癌的發生率
The states colored in light green have the
用淺綠色標記的州發生率最低
fewest rates and those in dark blue have the highest
藍色州最高
The numbers show that the states colored in
數字表明淺綠色標記的州里
light green, about 100 to 117 women per 100000
每100000人里面有100-117位女性有乳腺癌
have breast cancer, and the states colored with
而那些深藍色標記的州里
dark blue have an incident rate of about
每100000人里面有125-140位女性有乳腺癌
125 to 140 people per 100000. In 2010 over
在2010年
200000 females and almost 2000 men were
超過200000名女性和將近2000名男性
newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The American
被最新診斷患有乳腺癌
institute for cancer research, a non profit
美國癌癥研究所是一個由世界癌癥研究會
organization with funding from the world cancer
提供資金支持的非營利性組織
research fund gathered a panel of scientists to
世界癌癥研究基金會聚集了一批在科學家
review research done on breast cancer risk and
研究分析乳腺癌風險和體育活動的調查
physical activity and published their report in 2007
在2007發布了他們的報告
They also looked at the effects physical activity had
他們也在注意更年期前后
on breast cancer risk before and after menopause and
體育活動對乳腺癌風險的影響
considered the difference between occupational and
也在考慮職業活動和娛樂性活動之間的差異
recreational activity. Many of these studies showed
許多研究都強有力地證明了
convincing evidence that increased amounts of
增強體育活動可以降低
physical activity decreased the risk of breast cancer
乳腺癌的風險
This risk reduction was significant in
這種風險的降低對于更年期后的女性來說
post menopausal women but not in pre menopausal women
有意義而不是更年期前的女性
Next we will examine one specific research study with
接下來我們會繼續用相似的調查發現來觀察
similar findings.Physical activity and risk of
一個更加具體的調查研究
breast cancer among post menopausal women was
護士健康研究組織2010年發布的研究包含
a study done as part of the Nurse health study
更年期后女性的體育活動和患乳腺癌的風險
published in 2010. This multi year study examined
這項多年研究明確地觀察了這些護士的
the relationships between lifestyle and disease of
生活方式和患病之間的關系
these nurses specifically this study was done to
這項研究也觀察了
examine the associations of physical activity with
更年期后的女性在體育活動
breast cancer risk amongst post menopausal women
患乳腺癌風險之間的聯系
The researchers were interested in the importance of
調查者對于參與者生活中
long term and recent activity in the lives of
長期和短期活動的重要性也很感興趣
the participants. They also looked at the change
他們也在注意活動參與者的
in the participant's activity and specific types of
活動和具體活動類型的改變
activity participants were involved in. Over 95000
護士健康研究組織招募了
post menopausal women were recruited from the nurse's health study database.
超過95000名更年期后女性
