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How do you improve at any sport? You train, train, train.
你怎樣才能在體育運動方面有所提高呢？你不停地鍛煉。
But how you train is just as important as how much.
但是你怎樣鍛煉與鍛煉量的多少同樣重要。
Armed withthe science of exercise physiology, today's olympic-classcoaches design sophisticated programs for their athletes.
以運動生理學為指導，今天奧林匹克級別的教練為他們的運動員設計了一系列復雜的程序。
A muscle is like an engine, and the fuel it runs on is the chemicalATP.
肌肉就像一個引擎，它的"燃油"是化學物質三磷酸腺苷，
Our bodies have three separate systems for creating thisfuel however.
我們身體有3個制造這種“燃油”的獨立系統。
Exercise physiologists pay close attention to howan athlete's ATP is produced.
運動生理學家門密切關注了一個運動員三磷酸腺苷是怎樣形成的。
The phosphocreatine system gives an athlete lots of ATP very fast, but it's only good for aboutten seconds before it needs to recharge.
磷酸肌酸系統能夠非常快的為運動員提供許多三磷酸腺苷，但是在再次補給之前，這中物質只能持續大約十秒鐘。
The second system, called glycolysis, provides a moresteady supply, but too much glycolysis can make the muscles inefficient.
第二系統，稱為醣酵解，能夠提供更穩定的供應。但是過多的醣酵解會讓肌肉效率低下。
The third system, calledaerobic metabolism, burns fats and sugars to make ATP.
第三系統，叫做有氧代謝，燃燒脂肪和糖分來制造三磷酸腺苷。
Aerobic metabolism is best for long termendurance, but it's slow to get going, and, like the other systems, it also runs out of steam.
有氧代謝有利于長期的耐力訓練，但是它的反應比較慢，而且就像其他的系統樣，它同樣會很快的筋疲力盡。
Olympic trainers take these systems into account.
奧林匹克教練考慮了所有的這些系統。
A long- distance runner should use aerobicmetabolism for as much of her ATP as possible.
長跑運動員應該盡可能的像運用三磷酸腺苷那樣來運用有氧代謝。
To ensure this, she'll be tested on a treadmill tomeasure her threshold of aerobic metabolism.
為了確保這樣，她將會在跑步機上來測量她的有氧運動的極限。
The trainer then develops a training program whichwill increase it.
然后教練研發了可以增加有氧代謝的運動程序。
On the other hand, a weight lifter should use his phosphocreatine system, whichprovides maximum ATP in short bursts of time.
另一方面，舉重運動員可以運用磷酸肌酸系統，它能夠在較短的爆發時間內提供最大值的三磷酸腺苷。
His work- outs will build up the enzymes of thissystem, as well as build up his muscles.
由此將會增加這個系統的酶，也能夠重塑他的肌肉。
That's just one way athletes can get a boost from the science of exercise physiology.
這就是一個運動員從運動生理學上獲得提高的路徑之一。
