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The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations are funding vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand-and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.
艾滋病就是一個(gè)例子。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，總的目標(biāo)是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。所以，政府、制藥公司、基金會(huì)在資助疫苗研究。但是，這種研究工作很可能花費(fèi)十幾年時(shí)間。因此，與此同時(shí)，我們必須使用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)——目前最有效的預(yù)防方法就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險(xiǎn)的行為。
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working-and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century-which is to surrender to complexity and quit.
要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，又可以采用四步循環(huán)。這是一種模式。關(guān)鍵是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動(dòng)——我們千萬(wàn)不能再犯上個(gè)世紀(jì)在瘧疾和肺結(jié)核上犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤——那時(shí)我們因?yàn)樗鼈兲珡?fù)雜而放棄了采取行動(dòng)。
The final step-after seeing the problem and finding an approach is to measure the impact of the work and share tha successes and failures so that others can learn from the efforts.
在發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和找到解決方法之后，就該進(jìn)行最后一步——評(píng)估工作結(jié)果，將你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)同其他人分享，這樣他們就可以從你的努力中有所收獲。
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show, for example, that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show, for example, a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.
當(dāng)然，你必須有一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。你必須讓他人知道，例如，你的項(xiàng)目為幾百萬(wàn)兒童接種了疫苗。你也必須讓他人知道，兒童死亡人數(shù)下降了多少。這些都是很關(guān)鍵的，不僅有利于改進(jìn)項(xiàng)目，也有利于從商界和政府得到更多的幫助。
