火攻篇 NO.2:
凡火攻,必因五火之變而應之:火發于內,則早應之于外;
火發而其兵靜者,待而勿攻,極其火力,可從而從之,不可從則上。
火可發于外,無待于內,以時發之,火發上風,無攻下風,晝風久,夜風止。
凡軍必知五火之變,以數守之。
故以火佐攻者明,以水佐攻者強。水可以絕,不可以奪。
這句啥意思:
凡用火攻,必須根據五種火攻所引起的不同變化,靈活部署兵力策應。
在敵營內部放火,就要及時派兵從外面策應。
火已燒起而敵軍依然保持鎮靜,就應等待,不可立即發起進攻。
待火勢旺盛后,再根據情況作出決定,可以進攻就進攻,不可進攻就停止。
火可從外面放,這時就不必等待內應,只要適時放火就行。
從上風放火時,不可從下風進攻。白天風刮久了,夜晚就容易停止。軍隊都必須掌握這五種火攻形式,等待條件具備時進行火攻。
用火來輔助軍隊進攻,效果顯著;用水來輔助軍隊進攻,攻勢必能加強。
水可以把敵軍分割隔絕,但卻不能焚毀敵人的軍需物資
英文這么說:
In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments:
(1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp,respond at once with an attack from without.
(2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and do not attack.
(3) When the force of the flames has reached its height,follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable;if not, stay where you are.
(4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within,but deliver your attack at a favorable moment.
When you start a fire, be to windward of it.
Do not attack from the leeward.
A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long,but a night breeze soon falls.
In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated,and a watch kept for the proper days.
Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence;
those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength.
By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted,but not robbed of all his belongings.
經典賞析:
凡火攻有五:一曰火人,二曰火積,三曰火輜,四曰火庫,五曰火隊。
根據所要打擊對象的不同,孫子把火攻的方式具體區分歸納為五個大類。這一是焚燒敵方的人馬,它屬于最主要的類型,如赤壁之戰、彝陵之戰的情況;二是焚燒掉敵軍的糧草,讓他們餓肚子全身虛脫,就像官渡之戰中曹操采納許攸的獻計,一把火燒掉袁紹囤積在烏巢的軍糧;三是焚燒敵軍的輜重,“軍無輜重則亡”,對手沒有了裝備,便只有挨打的份,沒有還手的力;四是焚燒敵軍的倉庫,破壞對手的后方戰略資源,這仗自然便無法再打下去,就像隋統一南北之前,用高穎的計謀,潛人陳國后方,燒倉庫搞破壞;五是焚燒敵方的交通線,補給道路一旦被切斷,敵人雖“有心殺敵”,但實際情況則是“無力回天”,遭到失敗不過是個時間問題了。
雖然孫子的"火攻"之法在現代戰爭中已失去它的應用價值,但《火攻篇》所蘊含的思想,卻意味深長。通過對孫子借力之道、修功之法、慎戰原則的論述,進一步揭示了孫子謀略思想的深刻內涵。在敵我雙方均勢的情況下,慎戰是謀劃戰爭的重要前提,借力是戰爭制勝的重要條件,修功是鞏固戰果、實現"戰勝而益強"戰略目標的重要舉措。這些思想對于思考軍事斗爭等現實問題均有重要的借鑒價值。