1.The leader goes up and down the line and when he sees one who is not putting all his will into the task he brings down his split bamboo on the naked back.
解析:主干由兩個并列的分句構成: he leader goes up and down the line and he brings down his split bamboo。在第2個分句中，when引導出時間狀語從句:在該狀語從句中包含了一個由who引導的定語從句who is not putting all his will into the task,修飾one。Put ll one’s will into sth.意思是“對某事全力以赴”。

2. I do not know how words can describe what there is in it of effort.
解析:主干為:I do not know how…。How引導的從句充當句子的賓語；在該從句中包含一個由what引導的賓語從句;在what引導出的從句中包含一個there be結構，of effort作后置定語修飾疑問詞what。