1. Did they, as the gossips in Europe and the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed become lovers?
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:
一、這個句子是一個簡單句,主語是——they(Elisabeth和Dudley),謂語是——become lovers.
二、在句子中有一個很長的部分——as the gossips in Europe and the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed。
(1)在這其中as扮演者雙重角色,一個是作為介詞引出名詞為介詞短語——as the gossip in Europe,這個介詞短語中in Europe做定語,修飾gossips。
(2)另一個是作為連詞引出一個從句——the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed,這個從句是和介詞短語公用一個引導(dǎo)詞as,書面語顯得簡潔,避免重復(fù)字眼。
此外,since在這里不是連詞,也不是介詞,而是副詞,意思是“后來,此后”。
2. But this would have been outrageous for a queen who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down.
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:這是一個簡單句,而起使用了虛擬語氣。
首先,我們來看整個句子結(jié)構(gòu):
主語是this,謂語是would have been outrageous。句子的開頭有個but,它在這里做副詞用,意思是“然而,但是”,在這里起到承上啟下的作用。
二、句中有個介詞短語for a queen做狀語。
(1)它后面跟有由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句—— who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down來修飾先行詞queen。
(2)在這個定語從句中有2個狀語,一個表示地點——at her coronation,一個表示方式——by leaving her hair down。注意這個語序問題:地點狀語位于方式狀語前面。
我們再來看虛擬語氣的使用:
這里由于是解說員對歷史的事情做一種假設(shè),所以在謂語上是使用了would have been這個結(jié)構(gòu),是一般過去式完成式,因為他現(xiàn)在解說的東西與過去的客觀事實是相反的:
it this would have been outrageous (注解:實際上Elisabeth并沒有做出越軌的行為。)for a queen who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down.
3. When pressed about the rumours, she airily retorted that it was impossible, when surrounded day and night by her ladies.
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:這個句子是個簡單句,主語是——she,謂語是——retorted,賓語是賓語從句——that it was impossible。
(1)句中的When pressed about the rumours和when surrounded day and night by her ladies都是分詞短語做狀語,但是狀語的性質(zhì)不同。
第一個分詞短語“when pressed about the rumours”是過去分詞短語,做時間狀語,因為press和主句的主語she是被動關(guān)系。
第二個分詞短語“surrounded day and night by her ladies”也是過去分詞短語,因為surround與主句中的主語she是被動關(guān)系,做原因狀語。
(2)這兩個過去分詞短語中都含有when這個詞,但是詞性不同,第一分詞短語中的when是連詞,意思是“當(dāng).....的時候”;第二分詞短語中的when是副詞,意思是“在那個時候”。
3. With the example of the fate of her own mother before her, it would have been foolhardy to the point of insanity for her to sleep with Dudley.
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:這個句子是一個簡單句。
一、主語是采用了形式主語it,謂語是would have been,表語是foolhardy,狀語是to the point of insanity,表示程度,for her是介詞短語表示對象,to sleep with Dudley是動詞不定式做真實主語。
二、句中的 With the example of the fate of her own mother before her是做原因狀語,with介詞在這里表示原因,before her是介詞短語做時間狀語。