1. Elizabeth did all the things women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do.

【結構剖析】這是一個含有定語從句的復合句。主句是：Elizabeth did all the things，定語從句是：women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do。先從詞是things（不定代詞），關系代詞只能用that，不能用which，由于things在定語從句中做賓語，就省略了that這個引導詞。

【要點解析】句中的in 16th-century England做定語修飾women，be supposed to do something是習慣用語，意思是“被認為應該做某事”，相當于should do something。

2. He was the public orator at Cambridge University, and it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech.

【結構剖析】這是一個由并列連詞and連接的2個分句。第一個分句是：He was the public orator at Cambridge University；第二個分句是： it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

第一個分句中的介詞短語at Cambridge University修飾前面的名詞orator，用介詞at，表示在劍橋大學教書的雄辯家。

在第二個分句中使用了形式主語it，那么真是主語是這個很長的動詞不定式：to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

在這個動詞不定式中的謂語使用了直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是：a discipline；間接賓語是：the teenage girl。

直接賓語有一個定語從句修飾它，定語從句是：most people thought unsuitable for a woman，那么先行詞是discipline。它指事物，在定語從句中做賓語，具體講是做thought的賓語，那么關系代詞which或者是that可以省略的。

在這個定語從句中有一個動詞結構用法：think+賓語+形容詞（或形容詞短語）。上文中是thought a discipline unsuitable for a woman， unsuitable for a woman是形容詞短語做賓語的補足語。

the art of the art of public speech是做discipline的同位語，補充說明這個學科是什么學科。