Part 1 NASDAQ 納斯達(dá)克

For the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system, NASDAQ is one of the largest markets in the world for the trading of stocks. The number of companies listed on NASDAQ is more than that on any of the other stock exchanges in the United States, including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The majority of companies listed on NASDAQ are smaller than most of those on the NYSE and AMEX.

NASDAQ has become known as the home of new technology companies, particularly computer and computer-related businesses. Trading on NASDAQ is initiated by stock brokers acting on behalf of their clients. The brokers negotiate with market makers who concentrate on trading specific stocks to reach a price for the stock.

Unlike other stock exchanges, NASDAQ has no central location where trading takes place. Instead, its market makers are located all over the country and make trades by telephone and via the Internet. Because brokers and market makers trade stocks directly instead of on the floor of a stock exchange, NASDAQ is called an over-the-counter market. The term over-the-counter refers to the direct nature of the trading, as in a store where goods are handed over a counter.

Since its inception in l97l, the NASDAQ Stock Market has been the innovator. As the world's first electronic stock market, NASDAQ long ago set a precedent for technological trading innovation that is unrivaled. Now poised to become the world"s first truly global market, the NASDAQ Stock Market is the market of choice for business industry leaders worldwide. By providing an efficient environment for raising capital NASDAQ has helped thousands of companies achieve their desired growth and successfully make the leap into public ownership.

納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）是全美證券交易協(xié)會自動報價系統(tǒng)的首字母縮略詞。它是當(dāng)今世界上最大的股票交易市場之一。納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）名下的上市公司在數(shù)量上超過了包括紐約證券交易所（NYSE）和美國證券交易所（AMEX）在內(nèi)的任何一家美國證券交易所。與紐約證券交易所（NYSE）和美國證券交易所（AMEX）的多數(shù)上市公司相比，在納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）上市的大多數(shù)公司規(guī)模較小。

現(xiàn)在納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）已經(jīng)成為新技術(shù)公司——尤其是計算機和與計算機相關(guān)行業(yè)——的基地。納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）的交易是通過代表客戶利益的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人發(fā)起的。這些經(jīng)紀(jì)人與專注特定股票買賣的市場期票出票人進(jìn)行協(xié)商以確定股票的價格。

與其他證券交易有所不同，納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）沒有股票交易的中心交易場所。它的市場期票出票人遍及全美各地，通過電話和國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交易。由于股票交易是由經(jīng)紀(jì)人和市場期票出票人直接進(jìn)行，而不是在股票交易大廳內(nèi)進(jìn)行的，困此，納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）被稱為買賣雙方直接交易市場。該術(shù)語指出了其交易的直接性質(zhì)，就如同在商店柜臺直接進(jìn)行商品的買賣一樣。

自1971年誕生之日起，納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）股票市場就成了產(chǎn)業(yè)的革新者。作為世界上第一家電子股票交易市場，納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）早就史無前例地進(jìn)行了技術(shù)交易的創(chuàng)新。現(xiàn)在納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）已穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地成為世界第一家真正意義上的全球股票交易市場，是全球產(chǎn)業(yè)界領(lǐng)袖的首選市場。通過提供一個有效的融資環(huán)境，納斯達(dá)克（NASDAQ）已經(jīng)幫助了成百上千家公司完成了其市值的預(yù)期增長，同時也成功地、跨越式地實現(xiàn)了公司股權(quán)的公眾所有。

Part 2 Billy Lost Money Again. Billy又賠錢了。

Dialogue Script 1 對話原文 1

Kelly: So, Jim, how has everything been with you?
Jim: My stocks are losing a little bit, but it's nothing too serious.
Kelly: Of course! Stocks, stocks, stocks...Some things never change!
Jim: Yeah. How have you been?
Kelly: Good, except for all the counterfeit money my software business has been receiving lately.
Jim: Really? Is that a big problem?
Kelly: Yeah. So I have to invest in one of those machines that can detect fake bills.
Jim: Why didn't you just buy one of those little things with a red light beam?
Kelly: Those red beams can't sniff out the high-quality fakes.
Jim: Sounds like a big hassle.
Kelly: It's a drain on small business - a real sore spot.

講解：

1. 對話中Kelly碰見了 Jim，兩個人在談?wù)摫舜说慕鼪r。詢問近況，可以像對話中的那樣，How has everything been with you? 還可以說How have you been? 或者How is everything going on with you?

2. Jim說最近自己的股票賠了一點，但是還不太嚴(yán)重。Kelly一聽說股票就不耐煩了，股票，股票，總是股票，真是江山易改，本性難移。Some things never change! 這句話就是說，有些習(xí)慣永遠(yuǎn)改不了，說難聽一點就是狗改不了吃屎。俗話說，牛牽到北京還是牛。這里大多數(shù)時候指的是壞習(xí)慣或者錯誤一犯再犯，所以下次如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)別人死性不改，就可以說這句話還表示你的無奈和抗議。我們來用一個對話做例子，---I can't believe Tom's late again! ---Well, some things never change. Just give him a call. ---真不敢相信湯姆又遲到了。---狗改不了吃屎，給他打個電話吧。

3. 那么Kelly最近怎么樣呢？還不錯，就是最近賣電腦軟件總是收到偽鈔，counterfeit money，意思就是偽鈔。counterfeit，既可以作名詞，也可以作形容詞，表示“偽造的，假冒的；贗品”，比如說，This ten-dollar bill is a counterfeit. 這張10美金的鈔票是偽鈔。

4. Kelly的問題還挺嚴(yán)重的，她不得不花錢買一臺驗鈔機。這里我們可以看出，偽鈔的另一種說法就是fake bills。Jim問為什么不買一支小小的帶紅光的機器呢？還要破費一大筆錢買一臺驗鈔機。Kelly說那紅光根本沒有辦法測出制作精良的偽鈔。

5. 聽起來還真?zhèn)X筋。Sounds like a big hassle. hassle 這個詞表示“麻煩”的意思，所以當(dāng)你覺得某事做起來相當(dāng)麻煩，就可以跟對方說這句話，委婉地表示“聽起來真頭痛。”我們用一個對話來做例子，---Oh, no! I forgot to put in the cables. I have to repack all these parcels. ---Sounds like a hassle. ---噢，不會吧！我忘了把電纜線放進(jìn)去了，我還得重新打包。---聽起來真是麻煩。

6. sniff sth/sb out 這個詞組表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人，找出某人”，例如，They were determined to sniff out the murderer. 他們下定決心一定要找到殺人犯。Kelly抱怨說，小本生意加上金錢損失，實在是讓人傷神啊。sore spot，指“痛處”，這里是用來形容收到偽鈔的痛苦。

Dialogue Script 2 對話原文 2

Jim: Speaking of losing money, have you heard from Billy lately?
Kelly: Not a peep. I haven't seen him since we had dinner together last time.
Jim: Same here. I know his stocks took a hit, though.
Kelly: Is it happening all over again - you know, Billy, losing money?
Jim: Well, I told him to invest in the HSI when it was above fifty-five hundred points.
Kelly: Over five thousand? Now it's hovering around four!
Jim: Yeah, that's what worries me... for Billy's sake.

講解：

1. 對話中Kelly 和Jim想起好長時間沒有Billy的消息了。hear from sb，這個詞組表示“接到某人的來信，電話等”，也就是跟某人聯(lián)系，有某人的消息，比如說，How often do you hear from your sister? 你多長時間收到你姐姐一次信？要跟hear of sb/sth區(qū)分開。hear of sb表示“聽說過或者知道某人某事物”，比如說，I've never heard of the place. 我從沒聽說過那個地方。

2. Kelly說，Billy一點消息都沒有。Not a peep. peep這里的意思是“消息”，那么not a peep的意思就是說“連點消息都沒有”。有人向你問起一個消失了很久的朋友時，你就可以用這句話回答，比如說：---Have you heard from Jimmy recently? --- Not a peep. ---最近有Jimmy的消息嗎？---他一點消息也沒有。Jim也是一樣，他說，Same here. 我們也可以說，Same with me.

3. 不過Jim知道Billy的股票跌的很慘，take a hit 這個詞組的意思是“受到打擊”。Kelly沒想到Billy在股市上又賠錢了。Jim說他曾經(jīng)告訴Billy在香港恒生指數(shù)還在5，500點以上的時候殺進(jìn)。HSI 是Hang Seng Index的縮寫，指香港恒生指數(shù)。

4. 但是現(xiàn)在恒生指數(shù)還在4000點徘徊呢。Billy這次可是賠大了。hover around 這個詞組表示“在附近盤旋，徘徊”，比如說，She's always hovering around the place annoying people. 她總是在周圍轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去打擾別人。He hovered around outside, too afraid to go in. 他在外面猶豫徘徊，不敢進(jìn)去。

5. 所以Jim很擔(dān)心Billy，for one's sake，表示“因為某人的緣故”。

Part 3 Billy's Disappeared. Billy消失了。

Dialogue Script 1 對話原文 1

Kelly: Hey, Jim. Listen to this: I called Billy's home...
Jim: And?
Kelly: His number is no longer in service. Then I called his company...
Jim: What did they say?
Kelly: They said they gave him the boot months ago.
Jim: Holy smokes! What's he doing, then? I hope he's OK.
Kelly: You know his girlfriend...try giving her a call.
(A day later.)
Jim: Guess what, Kelly? Linda and Billy broke up.
Kelly: Does she know where he is?
Jim: It sounds like she never wants to hear his name again, that wench!
Kelly: I thought they were in love.
Jim: I think she loved his promises of the easy life. Maybe Billy's too ashamed now to contact us.
Kelly: Let's keep trying his other friends to try to track him down.

講解：

1. 對話中Kelly 和Jim在四處打探Billy的下落，Kelly給Billy家打電話，但是他家的電話已經(jīng)停機了。be in service 表示“可供使用的”，那么be out of service的意思就是“無法使用的”。

2. 然后Kelly又給Jim的公司打了電話，但是他們說幾個月前Billy就被解雇了。give someone the boot這個短語就表示“請某人走路，解雇某人”。一般來說，表示“解雇”這個意義的正式說法是I was laid off.

3. 如果要口語話一點，就是I was fired. 或者I was canned. 對話中的give someone the boot也可以表示“解雇”這個意義，我們一個對話來作例子，比如說，---Have you heard of it? Tom's given the boot! ---Wow! It's unbelievable! ---你聽說了嗎？湯姆被解雇了。---哇！真叫人無法想信！

4. 除了“解雇”這個意思之外，give someone the boot也可以表示“和某人斷絕關(guān)系”，不過這里的關(guān)系通常是指男女關(guān)系。比如說，---Hey, Julie. Where's Peter? I thought he was coming. ---No, I gave him the boot. He was too possessive. ---嘿，Julie，Peter呢？我以為他也會來呢。---沒有，我把他甩了。他的占有欲太強了。

5. Jim對這個消息感到很吃驚，他說，Holy smokes! 在口語中表示“天哪！”，跟Oh, God!差不多。Kelly讓Jim打電話給Billy的女朋友，問問她知不知道Billy的下落。但是Jim帶回來的消息卻是，Billy和女朋友Linda已經(jīng)分手了。她根本不知道Billy在哪，而且再也不想看見這個倒霉的人了。Jim很氣憤，說Linda是wench，wench在口語中表示“可惡的女人”，就跟bitch差不多了。

6. Kelly還以為他們兩個人是相愛的，沒想到卻大難臨頭各自飛，因為Linda看重的只是Billy承諾的輕松優(yōu)越的生活。愛情事業(yè)都不得意，也許現(xiàn)在Billy沒有臉跟朋友們聯(lián)系了。too ashamed to do sth表示“感到很羞愧而不能做某事”，比如說，He felt too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思請求幫助。

7. be ashamed of sb/sth/oneself，表示“為某人/某事/為自己感到慚愧，感到羞恥”，比如說，You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你應(yīng)該為自己說謊而感到羞恥。He felt ashamed of having done so little work. 他因為只做了這么一點工作而感到慚愧。

8. Kelly還是不放棄希望，要繼續(xù)打探Billy的消息。track sth/sb down，表示“經(jīng)追蹤或搜索而發(fā)現(xiàn)某人或某物”，比如說，I finally tracked down the reference in a dictionary of quotations.

Dialogue Script 2 對話原文 2

Kelly: You'll never guess what happened!
Jim: What? Tell me!
Kelly: You know now I'm looking for a new home?
Jim: Yeah. You said the housing market is thirty to forty percent lower than two years ago.
Kelly: Right. Well, the real estate agent took me to see Billy's old place!
Jim: Wow! He's really hit rock bottom!
Kelly: Yeah. It was almost creepy to see Billy's pad up for sale!
Jim: Oh. Something else a friend of Billy's told me...
Kelly: What's that?
Jim: The banks are leaning hard on Billy to return some unpaid loans.
Kelly: Maybe he left the city - or the country - to escape all this pressure.
Jim: I would too if I had collection agencies breathing down my neck!

講解：

1. 看來Billy真的是夠倒霉的了。Kelly一直在找新房子，因為房市比起兩年前，價錢低了三到四層。但是今天房屋中介帶Kelly去的就是Billy以前住的地方。看來Billy真的是窮途末路了。hit rock bottom，“陷入低潮”的意思。這個短語是用來形容一個人正處于人生的“低潮”，也就是low point，心情跌倒谷底。這時候好像做什么事情都不順利，好像一瞬間所有壞運氣都聚集到他身上，就像中文里面的“屋露偏逢連夜雨”。比如說，---Tom's wife left him after he lost his job. ---Poor guy. He is definitely hit rock bottom. ---Tom丟了工作之后，老婆也離開了他。---可憐的家伙。真是禍不單行，倒霉透頂。 ---Don't let yourself hit rock bottom, turn yourself around before it's too late! ---Thanks for the advice. ---別讓自己陷入萬劫不復(fù)的境地，在一切還沒有太晚之前浪子回頭吧。---多謝你的提醒。

2. Kelly說看到Billy的房子等著被拍賣是在讓人心底發(fā)毛。Jim還聽說銀行這個時候也在催Billy還一些未付清的貸款。也許Billy已經(jīng)離開這里，甚至潛逃出境，來擺脫所有的壓力。Jim說，如果討債公司死纏著我，我也會這么做。collection agency 的意思是“討債公司”。

3. breathe down one's neck 表示“緊盯著某人”，小時候，如果你遲遲沒有交作業(yè)，你的老師會用緊迫盯人的辦法要你立即寫完。breath down one's neck 正是用來形容這樣的動作，想象一下，如果有人在背后緊盯著你，近到連他的呼吸你都可以感覺到，相信在這樣的壓迫感之下，被盯著的人應(yīng)該馬上就能把該交的東西交出來吧！我們用一個對話來作例子，---Are you coming home soon? ---I can't. the boss is breathing down my neck for this report. ---你快要回家了嗎？---還不行。老板正盯著我要這份報告。

Part 4 Glossary of Stocks 炒股英語

要投資股票，不管是要交給“股票經(jīng)紀(jì)”stock broker操作，還是要以“散戶”individual investor 的身份自行操盤，你都得先學(xué)會看懂上市公司在“股市行情表”stock index上的資訊。

現(xiàn)在我們就來看看股市行情表上一些英文簡寫的含義。第一個就是Sym，就是symbol的縮寫，是一種股票的市場代號。

Div，是dividend的縮寫，表示“股利”，代表每股從公司年度利潤中可以分到的紅利。

Vol，“成交量”，是volume的縮寫。

Yld%，是yield rate的縮寫，意思是“收益率”，表示投資這一種股票可以獲利的百分比。如果你的目標(biāo)是“高獲利”，也就是high margin，就要選擇收益率高的股票。

PE，本益比，price-earning ratio的縮寫，用來判斷一種股票被“高估”overvalue還是“低估”undervalue。

Hi and Lo，最高與最低價，也就是high 和low的縮寫，是這一種股票當(dāng)日出現(xiàn)的最高與最低成交價。

Close，收盤價，是closing price的縮寫，表示當(dāng)日收盤的“面值”，face price。

最后，就是Net Chg，是net change的縮寫，表示“漲跌”。說到這個漲跌呢，是股市中每天都會有的正常現(xiàn)象，也是投資股票之所以有趣的重要因素。

在英語中有很多生動的說話，來表現(xiàn)漲跌的變化。一般說到“漲”，小幅度的上漲可以說，rise，gain或者climb，而大幅度的漲則是surge，soar或者jump，甚至可以用“火箭一飛沖天”skyrocket來形容，現(xiàn)在我們來舉幾個例子，The market gained two hundred points today in heavy trading. 股市今天在交易火爆的情況下，上漲了兩百個點。還有，Shares in MSFT skyrocketed today after strong 4th quarter profit reports. 在第四季優(yōu)異的盈利報告之后，微軟的股票今天向上狂飆。

再來說說“跌”的表示方法，這里也有很多說法，“微微下挫”是drop，fall，decline或者slip，嚴(yán)重一點可以“下沉”，sink，plunge，或者plummet，或是“被槌子重?fù)簟眊et hammered來形容。

最慘的就是“崩盤”，crash 或者collapse的“一下到底”hit bottom。不然就是“直線下滑”sky dive，nose dive，或者h(yuǎn)ead south這類字眼。我們來舉幾個例子，News of 911 attacks casued the markets to collapse. 911攻擊事件造成股市崩盤。HSI plummeted across the board today. 香港恒生指數(shù)今天全面下挫。

股市上還會有漲跌互見的現(xiàn)象，可以用mixed這個詞表示“漲跌互見”這個意義。如果上下起伏激烈，可以用roller coaster ride形容指數(shù)上上下下好像“搭云霄飛車”，至于讓投資人最興奮的，莫過于聽到盤中走勢“開低走高”，就是rebound或者rally；要是相反，“開高走低”，就是pull back。如果股市表現(xiàn)平平，以“平盤”收尾，我們就說unchanged，表示沒什么變化，或者用flat來表示“差價不大”。

我們來舉幾個例子，The oil market rebounded today after several days of decline. 幾天連續(xù)下挫之后，石油市場在今天逆勢上揚。The high-tech stocks were mixed today. MSFT was unchanged. 高科技類股長跌互見。微軟公司則平盤收尾。這里還要說一下的是，在美國紅色表示“赤字”deficit，所以股價若用紅色顯示，就是“下挫”的意思了。

這正好跟中國認(rèn)為紅色吉利，用紅色表示“上漲”的情形相反。說到紅色吉利，我就順便來說說預(yù)期心理，這是大多數(shù)股市投資人會有的心態(tài)，英語中兩種動物來做為漲跌的代表，我想大家都知道吧，就是“牛” bull和“熊”bear，分別代表“漲”和“跌”，所以你可以說，I'm bullish/bearish on the financial stocks. 我預(yù)期金融類股票會漲/跌。

我們現(xiàn)在就用一個股市投資人的例子提醒大家，當(dāng)初因為他太貪心，想做個投機的短線投資人，也就是speculative day trader，狠狠地賺一筆就殺出，所以凈是投資一些“高風(fēng)險的股票”high-risk，新興“網(wǎng)絡(luò)股” dot-com stock和“高科技股”high-tech stock，而忽略了“績優(yōu)股”blue-chip。結(jié)果那些股票很快就變成了“低價股”penny stock，這下可就慘了。

所以如果你也有朋友在炒股的話，可以用下面的這些話勸勸他。You'd lose your shirt investing in penny stocks.投資那些低價股會讓你輸?shù)镁狻ou should hold on to those blue-chip stocks even if the market is going down. 就算股市下滑，你也應(yīng)該繼續(xù)持有那些績優(yōu)股。Don't put all your eggs in one basket. 別把全部的雞蛋放在同一個籃子里。就是說不要把錢全部投到一支股票上。