tuba 大號：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器。

harp 豎琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers. 一種有一個通常系有四十六根長短不一的琴弦的直立的開放三角架、彈奏時用手指撥動琴弦的樂器。

piano 鋼琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals. 一種樂器，用手操作鍵盤驅動打擊鋼絲線產生聲音，可以通過踏瓣的方式調輕聲音或使之持續不斷。

organ 風琴：An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes. 一種由一定數量的靠輸送氣流發聲的管子和一個操縱機械裝置以使氣流通過管子的鍵盤構成的樂器。

harpsichord 羽管鍵琴：A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一種臥式豎琴型或梯形的鍵盤樂器，類似三角鋼琴，但通常有兩層鍵盤（部分為一層，及其個別亦有三層）和兩套或更多的弦（每套發出不同音質的音），通過羽管或皮制撥子（撥子連接一頂重器，一般為一根直立的木桿）撥弦，賴琴鍵內端推動發聲。

glockenspiel 鐘琴：A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers. 按半音階調準的分級金屬棒構成的打擊樂器，用兩個輕槌擊奏。

xylophone 木琴：A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets. 一種打擊樂器，由逐級加長的一排排鑲嵌的木棒組成，并發出半音音階，用兩個小木槌敲擊。

bass drum 大鼓：A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound. 一種大鼓，有個圓筒形鼓身和兩個面，并能發出低沉的、共鳴的聲音。

tambourine 鈴鼓：An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other. 小手鼓，一種由邊緣嵌有能叮當作響的小金屬片的小鼓面構成的一種樂器，演奏時人們一只手搖它而另一只手敲它。

lute 魯特琴（中文的琵琶也譯做lute)：A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs. 一種縱向削制的形狀如梨的撥弦樂器，琴頸上有定音檔的指板，通常彎曲于調音單軸之下。

mandolin 曼陀林：An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched. 常是梨形琴身，在有格紋的琴頸上裝有幾組供挑撥的琴弦。

guitar 吉他：An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. 一種具有大而平的音箱的樂器，形狀與小提琴相似，琴頸長，通常有六根弦，為彈撥樂器。

Part 3 Talking About Music 怎樣談“音樂”

實用的英語句子：

第一句：Music is my favorite leisure activity.音樂是我最喜歡的休閑活動。
換種說法：In my free time, I always listen to music.

第二句：I like all kinds of music, including pop, jazz and classical. 我喜歡各種音樂，包括流行樂，爵士樂還有古典音樂。
換種說法：I enjoy listening to a wide range of musical types.

第三句：Of all the types of music, I love pop music best. When I study, I always play pop music as it really helps me relax. 在所有音樂類型中，我最喜歡流行音樂。當我念書時，我總是放流行音樂來幫助我放松。
換種說法：My favorite type of music is pop and I listen to it in the background when I am studying.

第四句：Jazz and classical music are also good. Sometimes when I'm in a bad mood, I play orchestral numbers to relieve my emotions. 爵士樂和古典音樂也很棒。我心情不好的時候，我會放交響樂來舒緩我的情緒。
換種說法：When I'm not in the mood, listening to uplifting music helps me.

第五句：Music is really great. It's with you all the time. I hope everyone can enjoy music just like me. 音樂真的很棒。它會一直在你身邊。希望每個人都跟我一樣喜歡音樂。
換種說法：Music is something that should be a part of everyone's life.

Dialogue Script 1 對話原文 1

Tom: What's your hobby?
Linda: I enjoy listening to music very much. The first thing I do when I get home is to turn on my CD player.
Tom: I love music too. I simply can't do anything without some music on...I listen to the radio everyday. There is a special music program on the radio all day long.
Linda: You know, I never hesitate while buying CDs and records I like and I have a decent stereo recorder too.
Tom: What kind of music is your favorite, I wonder?
Linda: It may sound strange to you that I love pop songs but not pop singers. Classical music is also very much to my taste.
Tom: I'm crazy about country music and folk songs because they have light tunes and melodies to put you in a good mood.
Linda: What instrument can you play?
Tom: I can play the piano a bit, and I used to take violin lessons.
Linda: How good are you at violins?
Tom: I just play it on and off.

講解：

1.在這段對話中，Tom和Linda在談論自己對音樂的喜愛。Tom首先問Linda她的愛好是什么。What's your hobby? hobby表示興趣愛好，嗜好。

2.Linda的愛好是聽音樂，I enjoy listening to music. enjoy doing something 喜歡做某事，對某事感興趣。enjoy后面可以加名詞或動名詞，例如：I enjoy my job. 我喜愛我的工作。The twin brothers always enjoy going to the concert.這一對雙胞胎弟兄對聽音樂會總是興致勃勃。還有一個大家非常熟悉的詞組，這里順便提一下，就是enjoy oneself過得快樂，例如：Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在晚會上玩得開心嗎?

3. Linda非常喜歡聽音樂，回到家第一件事就是把CD機打開。這里turn on和 turn off是一對反義詞組，分別表示打開和關上。

4.Tom也非常喜歡音樂，幾乎做任何事情都要把音樂開著，with the music on，伴隨著音樂。表示一種狀態。Tom還收聽一檔特別音樂廣播節目，all day long，表示一整天。

5.Linda買自己喜歡的CD和唱片從來都不會猶豫，她還有一個非常好的立體聲音響，是a decent stereo recorder。Linda最喜歡的音樂類型是流行樂，但是她并不喜歡流行樂歌手，是挺奇怪的。

6.她開始的時候就跟Tom說It may sound strange to you，也許你會覺得奇怪。這是一個很好用的句型，一般用在that從句之前，委婉地表達自己的想法。Linda也非常喜歡古典音樂，Classical music is also very much to my taste. to one's taste，符合某人的口味，也就是某人對某物有興趣。

7.Tom喜歡鄉村音樂和民歌，be crazy about something or someone，發瘋般地喜歡某事某人。因為鄉村音樂和民歌的旋律比較輕柔，讓人心情舒暢，put someone in a good mood，讓某人心情舒暢。mood是心情，心境，情緒的意思，那么be out of mood, 就表示“心情不好”，也可以說I'm not in the mood. 我心情不好。mood還用來專門表示“壞心情；壞脾氣”，例如：He's in one of his moods. 他心情不好。Tom還會演奏一些樂器，樂器是“musical instruments”。他會彈一點鋼琴，還學過小提琴。

Dialogue Script 2 對話原文 2

Mark: Would you like to listen to my album of American country music? It's got John Denver singing "Country Roads".
Anne: Sure, I'd love to. John Denver is very popular in China. But can you tell me what's the difference between country music and pop music? Is it in the music? Or maybe in the lyrics or the way the song is sung?
Mark: In a way you can they're all essential factors. In country music, many songs are about "home" and "family".
Anne: So, I suppose, the words are simple and express real and honest feelings?
Mark: Well, people who really like country music say so. But some people will also tell you that the words are sentimental, trite, shallow, and insincere. I guess both kinds exist, but the best country music has simple and honest feelings. Let's leave it that way. Anne: What about the style of singing, and the music itself? It's different from other American music, isn't it?
Mark: In some ways, yes. The tradition was of singer with one instrument-originally a dulcimer, later a guitar. Then when radios and records become popular in the 1920's, they began using country singers commercially. Now country music is performed by highly professional groups.
Anne: Oh, I see. Can we say that country music is a development of American folk music?
Mark: Well, let's say it's a development from folk music. Today, it is commercial, not folk. The center of country music is Nashville, Tennessee, where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on.
Anne: By the way, can you tell me more about John Denver?
Mark: Well, he's a professional singer and songwriter. Sometimes he is more like modern folk, sometimes definitely country. Take his song "Country Roads" for example. The subject is traditional: Take me back to my home in the southern mountains...and actually country music started in the south. Let's listen to John Denver's music now.

講解：

1. 對話中Mark告訴了Anne美國鄉村音樂的一些特征。Mark向Anne推薦的歌曲是John Denver的 Country Roads。John Denver是一位專業的美國鄉村音樂歌首和詞曲作者。這首Country Roads也是他的代表作之一。

2.Anne也非常喜歡鄉村音樂，但是她不知道美國鄉村音樂和流行音樂有什么區別，所以她特意向Mark請教。Mark告訴她，在曲調，歌詞和演唱技巧方面，美國鄉村音樂和流行音樂都有一些不同。difference in something, 在某些方面有不同，例如： I can't see much difference in them. 我看不出他們有什么大的差別。

3. 鄉村音樂的主題一般都和“家”或“家庭”有關。所以Anne猜測鄉村音樂的歌詞都比較簡單，側重于表達內心真實情感。但是只有真正喜歡鄉村音樂的人才會這么說。有些持反對意見的人會說“the words are sentimental, trite, shallow, and insincere. ”鄉村音樂的歌詞傷感，陳腐，淺顯，虛假。這幾個形容詞都可以用來形容音樂。

4.所以Mark不想過多的談論這個話題，他說，Let's leave it that way.就這樣說吧。這是一句用來做總結的話。

5.Mark還告訴Anne鄉村音樂的傳統風格是一位歌手，一種樂器。最初使用的是dulcimer，洋琴，后來改用了guitar。但是隨著廣播，唱片的開始流行，鄉村音樂歌手也越來越商業化。現在的鄉村音樂是由非常專業化的音樂團體來演奏和演唱的。

6.Mark還認為鄉村音樂是從folk songs民歌發展來的。it's a development from folk music. 美國鄉村音樂的中心在田納西州的那什維爾。where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on. make a living on something，靠某物謀生。這句話中省略了on。