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(如果在四個選擇答案中有兩個對立/相反的句子，那么其中一個就是正確答案。)
Even if you never hear the question, you now have a 50 percent chance of
answering this question correctly. Furthermore a pair of opposites in the answer
choices tells you exactly what the stem will be about. You only have to listen to hear
confirmation [確認；證實] of one or the other of the two opposites.
Find the opposites in the example below:
1.(A) Stone does not enjoy clothes shopping.
(B) Stone ate while he tried on the clothes.
(C) Buying clothing is a pleasure for Stone.
(D) Not one piece of clothing was available in his size.
In this example, the opposites are (A), which say that stone doesn't like
to buy clothes, and (C), which says that he does. Now when you hear the stem, you
only need to find out which one is true. The stem is:
If there's one thing Stone hates, It's buying clothes.
So the correct answer is (A).
Now try this one. First, reading the answer choices and find the opposites.
2.(A) I think your desk is far too tiny.
(B) Your desk is too messy.
(C) I think you need a new desk.
(D) I cleaned up your desk.
The opposites are (B) and (D). If you didn't recognize them, you need to be
a little more broad in your understanding of the term. (B) implies that the desk is messy,
and (D) implies that the desk is clean. That's enough for them to be considered opposites.
So now all you need to do is decide if the desk is clean or messy. When you hear the stem.
My, your desk could sure use some tidying up!
You know the answer is (B).
2．COMMON SENSE常識
The people who write the TOEFL have very conservative tastes. None of their
statements or dialogues will contain anything controversial, violent, passionate, or silly.
(編寫托福考試的人比較保守，他們的句子和對話都不會包含有爭議的、激烈的、熱烈
的和愚蠢的東西。)
Remember, you can use common sense to eliminate three types of wrong answers：
Type 1: Answer choices that are too extreme [極端].
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
Answer (C) is too extreme to be a good bet. ETS would probably say someone's
work was "unsatisfactory" or even "bad", but not "awful." Just remember, ETS can't afford
to offend anyone: any answers that might be controversial are automatically wrong.
Type 2: Answer choices that have wrong subject, for example:
(A) He is a good football player.
(B) He doesn't understand football at all.
(C) He lives right across that field.
(D) Playing football indoors is forbidden.
Since most of the answer choices are about football, you know that "football"
is the topic of the stem, therefore you can eliminate answer (C). Now here's the stem
He sure seems right at home on the football field.
The closest in meaning is answer (A). By the way, did you notice that (A)
and (B) were opposites?
Type 3: Answer choices that are just plain silly [明顯的愚蠢], for example:
(A) Rob is too tall to be an actor.
(B) Rob's performance was excellent.
(C) He didn't see Rob on stage.
(D) Rob was suspended above the stage.
Answer (A) is just silly. How can someone be too tall to be an actor? Answer
choice (D) is weird [奇怪的] too. Now here's the stem.
W: How was Rob in the new play last night?
M: Great! He was head and shoulders above the rest of the cast.
Q: what does that man mean?
The expression "head and shoulders above" means "far better than", so the
closest is meaning is answer (B). Notice that both silly answers, (A) and (D), are based
on literal interpretations[字面理解] of the expression "head and shoulders above". If you
hear something in the stem that doesn't make literal sense, it's an idiom. Idioms are a
signal to be on the lookout for [提防；尋找] answer choices that take that idiom literally
and turn it into something silly.
3．OPPOSITES相反的選擇
Another of ETS's favorite trap answers is what we call a sound-alike.
Sound-alikes take some of the words and sounds from the statement or dialogue and rearrange
them so that they have a totally different meaning. Remember this example?
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
The statement was
Sunday is usually Mary's day off.
We already found the opposites in these answers, (A) and (B), and one extreme
answer, (C). So now look at how ETS might trap you with sounds. Notice how many things in
the answer choices echo [回響] the word "off' in the statement— "often", "awful" and
"cough". And in answer (C)，The one answer choice without Sunday, has been replaced with
"some days". The right answer, (B), is one of the pair of opposites, is not silly or
extreme, and contains the fewest sound-alikes.
After you've found the opposites and silly answers, choose the answer choice
that sounds "least " like what you heard on the tape.
You'll notice that many sound-alikes can also be eliminated using common sense.
Summary of Strategy
技巧總結
Step 1: Read the answer choices before you hear the question.
Step 2: While reading, look for
² The topic for Part A.
² The topic or the question for Part B.
² Opposite pairs in the answer choices
² Anything that violates common sense.
Step 3: Listen to confirm what you found in step 2.
Step 4: Choose your answer. If you are still undecided, choose the answer
choice containing the fewest sounds from the statement or dialogue.
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