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The first step in the manufacture of turpentine and rosin is collecting the gum from the trees.
松脂松節油和松香生產的第一步是從樹上收集樹膠。
The early, wasteful method was to cut a deep notch in the base of the tree, known as the box. This box held the turpentine that flowed down the tree trunk from a narrow,
早期的浪費方法是在樹的底部切一個很深的缺口，叫做盒子。這個盒子里裝著松節油，松節油從一個狹窄的地方順著樹干流下來，
shallow wound made by chipping. Once a week a chip was cut through the bark above the box, each chip being cut directly above the other.
由碎屑造成的淺傷口。一周一次，一塊碎片從盒子上方的樹皮上切下，每一塊碎片都直接從另一塊上面切下。
These caused the tree to bleed or give off sap; all during the summer the trees were chipped regularly, the sap flowing down into the box, where it was collected.
這使樹流血或流出汁液；整個夏天，樹都定期被砍，汁液流到盒子里，在那里收集的。
This method of boxing the tree has always been unsatisfactory, since it is wasteful of wood that might later be made into lumber;
這種打樹的方法一直是不令人滿意的，因為它是浪費木材，后來可能成為木材；
the box, if cut deep, weakens the tree so that it is easily destroyed by high winds. During later years this box has been replaced by small cups hung over the base of the tree.
這個盒子如果割得很深，會使樹變弱，很容易被大風摧毀。在后來的幾年里，這個盒子被掛在樹底部的小杯子所取代。
Into the cups lead small tin drains through which the sap runs. Except for the cost of cups and drains, this method is in every way better.
在杯子里放進一些小的錫槽，這些錫槽里的汁液流過。除了杯子和排水管的費用，這種方法在各方面都更好。
Whatever method is used, the sap is collected from the boxes or cups and taken to stills, where it is made into turpentine and rosin.
無論采用何種方法，樹液都是從盒子或杯子中收集，然后放入蒸餾器，在蒸餾器中制成松節油和松香。
The tapping season lasts for about seven months. In America, collecting rosin from pine trees to make tar and pitch began as far back as 1600.
敲擊季節大約持續7個月，在美國，從松樹中收集松香制成焦油和瀝青最早始于1600年。
Today three-fourths of the world's naval stores are produced in our Southern States, and they find their way into every important market of the globe.
今天，世界上四分之三的海軍商店是在我們南部各州生產的，它們進入了世界上每一個重要的市場。
The rosin is used for gum, varnish, soap, and the manufacture of sealing wax. Turpentine finds its uses in paints, varnishes, coloring,
松香可用于制造口香糖、清漆、肥皂和密封蠟。松節油可用于油漆、清漆、顏料，
and in the manufacture of a large number of medicines. As in lumbering, the manufacturing of naval stores can be very wasteful.
以及制造大量藥品。和伐木業一樣，海軍倉庫的制造也是非常浪費的。
Fortunately, however, manufacturers are giving up the old box method and are learning to make smaller chips in the tree.
不過，幸運的是，制造商正在放棄舊的盒式方法，并正在學習在樹上制造更小的碎片。
Usually, trees are cupped for three or four years, then cut for lumber.
通常，樹木被切割三到四年，然后被砍伐成木材。
With the use of better methods, a tree may be cupped much longer and still produce valuable wood for boards.
如果采用更好的方法，一棵樹可能被拔得更長，仍然可以生產出有價值的木板。
