評(píng)論
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The first of these to be built was the muskrat group, which still stands as good as new.
第一個(gè)威斯康星皮毛動(dòng)物標(biāo)本是麝鼠，如今還依舊如新。
From Milwaukee, Akeley went to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.
從密爾沃基，阿克利來(lái)到了芝加哥菲爾德自然史博物館。
In 1896, under the direction of this museum, he made his first expedition to Africa.
1896年，在該博物館的指導(dǎo)下，阿克利第一次前往非洲。
While studying the wild life in this part of the world,
在非洲研究野生動(dòng)物時(shí)，
Akeley made up his mind to try the giant task of bringing Africa to America,
他下決定完成一項(xiàng)艱巨任務(wù)，那就是將非洲帶入美國(guó)，
not the animals alone, but the animals in their natural surroundings.
不僅僅是動(dòng)物，還有動(dòng)物生活的野外環(huán)境。
After returning from Africa, Akeley worked steadily for nine years as chief of the department of taxidermy of the Field Museum,
從非洲回來(lái)以后，阿克利在菲爾德博物館的標(biāo)本部門(mén)當(dāng)了九年主任，
mounting the animals which he had collected and at the same time improving his new method of taxidermy.
將收集的動(dòng)物制作成標(biāo)本，同時(shí)提高他的制作工藝。
To do taxidermy by the Akeley method, one must know the animals in their native surroundings;
要想通過(guò)阿克利的方法制作標(biāo)本，一定要先了解動(dòng)物生存的環(huán)境；
he must be able to collect his own specimens; he must know animal structure;
一定能自己收集標(biāo)本，熟悉動(dòng)物結(jié)構(gòu)；
and he must be a sculptor, for the animal must be modeled in clay.
而且一定還是個(gè)雕塑師，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物模型是用泥土固定的。
Then he must have enough artistic sense to make his group pleasing as well as accurate.
而且還需要有藝術(shù)感，要讓標(biāo)本既準(zhǔn)確又好看。
The first step in the Akeley method of taxidermy is to make a life-size model of the animal to be mounted.
阿克利標(biāo)本制作的第一步是制作一比一比例模型。
In order to be sure that the model is accurate, it is checked by measurements made in the field before the animal was skinned,
為了讓模型更加準(zhǔn)確，在給動(dòng)物剝皮之前要進(jìn)行實(shí)地測(cè)量，
by photographs of the animal, and by trying on the skin itself.
要給動(dòng)物拍照片，將皮毛試穿到動(dòng)物身上。
The second step is to take a plaster mold of the clay model.
第二步是制作石膏模。
This mold is often cast in sections and is used in constructing the manikin, or framework, upon which the skin is mounted.
石膏模通常分為幾部分制作，是用來(lái)制作動(dòng)物皮毛內(nèi)部的模型或支架。
Each section of the mold is lined with glue, over which is laid a sheet of muslin.
每一塊石膏模需要用膠水連接，上面再鋪一層平紋細(xì)布。
