友情提示：看不懂音變的同學請聽203-206期

despair spair-sper
To lose all hope
To be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat.
Complete loss of hope.
One despaired of or causing despair
n. 絕望；令人絕望的人或事
vi. 絕望，喪失信心

詞組短語:
in despair 絕望地，失望地
despair of 失望，喪失信心；對…絕望

例句：
I despair of ever finding him again.
我對再找到他已喪失信心。

desperate
Having lost all hope; despairing.
Marked by, arising from, or showing despair: the desperate look of hunger; a desperate cry for help.
Reckless or violent because of despair: a desperate criminal.
Undertaken out of extreme urgency or as a last resort: a desperate attempt to save the family business.
Nearly hopeless; critical: a desperate illness; a desperate situation.
Suffering or driven by great need or distress: desperate for recognition.
Extremely intense
adj. 令人絕望的；(因絕望而)鋌而走險的，不顧一切的；極度渴望的；極端的，極度的；極強烈的

例句：
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一個亡命之徒為了達到自己的目的什么事都做得出來。
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有個工作,掙錢供養子女眾多的家。

desperado
A bold or desperate outlaw, especially of the American frontier
prosper
n. 亡命之徒，暴徒

prosperous
Having success; flourishing: a prosperous new business.
Well-to-do; well-off: a prosperous family.
Propitious; favorable
adj. 繁榮的, 興隆的,昌盛的；富裕的,富足的；順利的，吉利的；有利的

prosperity
The condition of being prosperous
n.繁榮, 旺盛; 幸運, 成功, 順利, 幸福

習慣用語:

borrowed prosperity
虛假繁榮
Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.
[諺]富貴交友易, 患難顯真情。

Esperanto
An artificial international language with a vocabulary based on word roots common to many European languages and a regularized system of inflection.
n.世界語

詞源小故事

作為目前世界上使用最廣泛的一種人工語言，世界語Esperanto這個單詞來自創造了世界語的波蘭眼科醫生柴門霍夫第一本書的筆名“Doktoro Esperanto（希望博士）”，Esperanto這個單詞的字面意思是“He who hopes”，來自拉丁詞根sper=hope希望。柴門霍夫出生時，波蘭正受著俄羅斯的統治，他的母語是俄語和依地語，但他也精通波蘭語和德語，他又曾學習了法語、拉丁語、希臘語、英語和希伯來語，同時也研究意大利語、西班牙語和立陶宛語。他出生的小鎮有三個民族的人居?。翰ㄌm人、猶太人和白俄羅斯人。由于語言、宗教信仰不同，所以他們經常互相產生偏見和仇恨。柴門霍夫認為語言不同使人們不能互相交流是產生偏見的主要原因，所以當他在華沙上中學時，他就試圖創造一種人類共同的語言，以使不同民族的人可以好好地互相交流。

asperity

詞匯起源
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: aspreté, from aspre 'rough']

Roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate: the asperity of northern winters. Severity; rigor.
A slight projection from a surface; a point or bump.
Harshness of manner; ill temper or irritability.
n.（表面的）粗糙；（氣候等的）嚴酷；艱苦的條件；（性格）粗暴

asperate
To make uneven; roughen
vt. 使粗糙

exasperate

To make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly.
To increase the gravity or intensity of
vt. 使惱怒；激怒；惡化

例句：
She was exasperated by the senseless delays.
她被無謂的拖延弄得很惱火。