file
A line of persons, animals, or things positioned one behind the other
To march or walk in a line
n.行列;【軍】縱列
vi.排成縱隊行進

例句：
A file of passengers was coming down the steps.
旅客魚貫走下階梯。
They filed past the grave of the national hero.
他們排成縱隊走過那位民族英雄的墳墓。

defile foul骯臟的，不潔的，污穢的
To make filthy or dirty; pollute: defile a river with sewage.
To debase the pureness or excellence of; corrupt: a country landscape that was defiled by urban sprawl.
To profane or sully (a reputation, for example).
To make unclean or unfit for ceremonial use; desecrate: defile a temple.
To violate the chastity of.
To march in single file or in files or columns.
A narrow gorge or pass that restricts lateral movement, as of troops.
A march in a line.
vt. 污損，弄臟；染污
n. 狹谷；隘路
vi. 以縱隊前進

例句：
The girl's reputation was defiled by malicious gossips.
那位姑娘的名譽因為惡毒的流言蜚語而受損。
The troops had to defile through the pass.
部隊只得排成單列通過關口。

profile
A side view of an object or structure, especially of the human head. A representation of an object or structure seen from the side. See Synonyms at form.
An outline of an object. See Synonyms at outline.
Degree of exposure to public notice; visibility: preferred to keep a low profile.
A biographical essay presenting the subject's most noteworthy characteristics and achievements.
To draw or shape a profile of.
To produce a profile of.
n. 側面；輪廓；外形；剖面；[美國英語]對一個人的能力、個性的簡要描述；傳略；簡況；人物簡介

短語:
high profile 鮮明的姿態
low profile
低姿態；有節奏的慎重態度；不惹人注意；不出頭露面[亦作 low silhouette]

例句：
The old trees were profiled against the pale sky.
蒼天映襯出老樹的輪廓。

filar
Of or relating to a thread.
Having fine threads across the field of view for measuring small distances, as in the eyepiece of a telescope.
adj. 絲的；絲狀的

filament
A fine or thinly spun thread, fiber, or wire.
Botany. The stalk that bears the anther in a stamen. A chainlike series of cells, as in many algae.
A fine wire heated electrically to incandescence in an electric lamp. Electronics. A high-resistance wire or ribbon forming the cathode in some thermionic tubes.
n. 燈絲；細絲；細線；單纖維

詞源小故事

Comedy 喜劇

約在兩千年前，古希臘有一個節目，叫做komos，這一天，人們載歌載舞，狂歡盡興，一直到晚飯后以火把游行而告結束。這種喜慶活動是多利安人發起的，他們是古希臘人的一支，主要居住在伯羅奔尼撒半島、克里特島等地，以粗獷放蕩聞名。因此，早期的狂歡活動大都是些放蕩的內容。參加活動的主要歌手當時叫komoidos，即現在的“comedian（喜劇演員）”。英語的comedy就是從komoidos這個希臘詞來的。