評論
打印
Using the examples from the lecture, discuss two types of narrators that an author of fiction might use.
請用課上所舉例子討論小說作者可能會使用的兩種敘述者。
Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.
請聽文學課上的部分內容。
Authors of fiction, um, short stories and novels, of course have many decisions to make when they're writing their works.
短篇故事和小說的作者在寫作品的時候，毫無疑問要做很多決定。
One of those decisions is how they are going to narrate or tell the story.
其中一個決定就是他們要如何敘述或者講述這個故事。
What perspective or what point of view the story would be told from?
這個故事要從哪個角度或者哪個視角展開？
So, authors need to choose a type of narrator, some person or voice to tell the story.
所以，作者需要選擇一種敘述者，某個講故事的人或者聲音。
And this narrator can affect the readers' experience when they read the story.
敘述者在讀者閱讀這篇故事的時候會影響他們的閱讀體驗。
Now, the author might choose to have an objective narrator.
作者可能會選擇一個第三人稱的敘述者。
An objective narrator can describe what people, the characters in the story, what they do and what they say, but that's about all.
第三人稱的敘述者可以描述故事中的人物所做的事和說的話，但是這就是全部了。
So, suppose we have a story, for example, that is about a man and woman about to take a trip.
假設我們有一個故事是關于一個男人和女人要去旅行的。
When the story is told by an objective narrator,
如果這個故事是由第三人稱敘述者講述的，
the only information that we get as readers is what the characters say to each other, what they do.
那么我們作為讀者能夠得到的唯一信息就是：故事中的人物互相說了什么，做了什么。
They get on the train, they sit down, they look out the window, that's all.
他們上了火車，坐了下來，看向了窗外，就是這樣。
And this leaves questions that force the reader to interpret the events,
這就留下了疑問使得讀者不得不自己解讀這些活動，
to fill in information and decide what the characters' conversation and actions might mean.
添加信息并決定故事人物的對話和動作意味著什么。
Another kind of narrator an author might use is an omniscient narrator.
作者可能會使用的另一種敘述者就是萬能敘述者。
In this case, the narrator, the voice that is telling the story, knows everything, and I mean everything about the characters.
在這種情況下，這個敘述者，這個講故事的聲音知道所有的事情，我指的是關于故事人物的每件事。
So, let's imagine our same man and woman traveling but described by an omniscient narrator.
我們再回到同樣的男人和女人去旅行的故事，只不過這次是由一個萬能敘述者來描述的。
Not only do we, the readers, know what they do and say, but we also know what they're thinking.
我們，讀者不僅知道他們做了什么、說了什么，還知道他們在想些什么。
For example, we're told that the couple is going to visit an old friend of the man's
比如，故事告訴我們這對夫婦要去拜訪這個男人的一個老朋友，
and we learn what the man is thinking that he is nervous because he hasn't seen his friend in a long time,
我們從故事中知道了這個男人的想法：他很緊張，因為他已經很長時間沒有見到過這個朋友了；
that he is worried if his wife would like the friend.
他還擔心自己的妻子會不會不喜歡他的朋友。
So an omniscient narrator provides more information and answers questions that the reader might have about the characters or the action.
所以，一個萬能敘述者提供了更多的信息，并回答了讀者對于故事人物或者動作存在的疑問。
