評論
打印
Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two defense mechanisms mentioned by the professor.
請用材料中的觀點和例子描述一下教授提到的兩種防御機制。
Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
請聽心理學課上的部分內容。
When people are in difficult situations sometimes they experience feelings of helplessness, or psychological pain.
當人們遇到困境的時候，他們有時會經歷情感上的無助，或者心理上的痛苦。
So what do they do? They unconsciously use a strategy called, defense mechanisms,
那他們會做什么呢？他們會無意識地使用一種叫做“防御機制”的策略，
to protect themselves psychologically from their painful emotions.
來從心理上保護他們自己不受痛苦情緒的影響。
Oh, let's say a woman has a pet dog.
我們假設一位女士養了一條寵物狗。
She's had this dog for a long time and he's kept her company and guarded her for years.
她養這條狗已經很長時間了，而這條狗也陪著她并保護了她很多年。
But one day he runs away. This woman looks everywhere, and asks other people if they've seen her dog.
但是有一天，它跑走了。這位女士到處找它并四處打聽有沒有人見過她的狗。
But she just can't find him. Now, she feels helpless and sad because she misses her dog.
但是她怎么都找不到它。她覺得無助又傷心，因為她很想念她的狗。
So she'll unconsciously find ways to deal with her painful feelings.
所以她會無意識地找到能夠解決她的痛苦的方法。
One defense mechanism she might use is fantasy.
她也許會使用的一種防御機制就是幻想。
With fantasy, the woman uses her imagination,
幻想就是這位女士會發動她的想象。
so instead of just feeling helpless and sad about her lost dog, she invents a happy story in her mind.
為了不再為她走失的狗感到無助和傷心，她在腦海中編造了一個幸福的故事。
She might imagine that, uh, a nice family found him and feeds him and that he's really happy with them.
她也許會想象有一個很好的家庭發現了它并且把它收養了，它跟他們在一起過得很幸福。
She'll picture the dog playing, running around, having fun.
她會想象出這條狗玩耍、四處跑動、開開心心的畫面。
Because of this fantasy, she doesn't have to feel sad about her dog running away.
由于這個幻想，她不再對她的狗跑走的事情感到難過。
It's a fantasy, it's not real, but it keeps her pain away.
這是個幻想，并不真實，但卻驅散了她的痛苦。
Another defense mechanism she might use is what we call, sublimation.
她可能會使用的另一個防御機制被我們稱為升華。
Sublimation is different from fantasy because sublimation isn't about pretending.
升華和幻想是不一樣的，因為升華并不涉及假裝。
It's about turning negative emotions into something useful, practical.
它是關于把負面情緒轉化成一些有用的，實際的東西。
So, uh, the woman might start a dog training school.
那么，這位女士也許會開辦一所狗狗訓練學校。
That way, by training dogs, perhaps she can help prevent other people's dogs from running away like hers did.
通過訓練狗狗，也許她就能幫助防止其他人的狗像她的一樣走失。
In other words, with sublimation as a defense mechanism,
換句話說，通過將升華作為一種防御機制，
the woman redirects her negative feelings about losing her dog into a positive, constructive activity.
這位女士把她關于遺失狗狗的負面情緒轉向了一種積極的、有意義的活動。
