評(píng)論
打印
Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report?
那么，你也許會(huì)問，報(bào)告的規(guī)范是什么？
A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure.
我認(rèn)為，在它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)中可以找到線索。
A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence.
結(jié)構(gòu)非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而且有條理的報(bào)告通常分為好幾個(gè)部分，這些部分大體上遵循一個(gè)既定的順序。
What this means is that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks. Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report.
這意味著，在講故事的時(shí)候，你的故事將被分割成幾塊。故事的不同部分會(huì)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)告的不同地方。
What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section. And what you found out is in the result section.
你做了什么，為什么要這樣做，出現(xiàn)在介紹里。你是怎么做的，出現(xiàn)在方法部分。你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，出現(xiàn)在結(jié)果部分。
And, finally, what you think it shows appears in the discussion part.
最后，你認(rèn)為結(jié)果能說明什么，出現(xiàn)在討論部分。
As you can see, the report, therefore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear.
可以看出，報(bào)告是一種正式的文件，由幾個(gè)不同部分組成，每個(gè)部分都會(huì)出現(xiàn)具體的內(nèi)容。
We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along.
我們接下來討論每部分的具體規(guī)范。
For example, what are the subsections in the method?
例如，方法部分中的子部分是什么？
But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away.
但是今天，我將直接向你們介紹一些一般的規(guī)則。
The first of these concerns the person to whom you should address your report, whom I should call your reader.
第一個(gè)問題是你的報(bào)告應(yīng)該交給誰(shuí)，我把這個(gè)人叫作你的讀者。
A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report.
一個(gè)非常常見的錯(cuò)誤，尤其是在早期，就是假設(shè)你的讀者就是給報(bào)告打分的那個(gè)人。
In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else:
然而，其實(shí)，為報(bào)告打分的人會(huì)從其他人的角度評(píng)估你的報(bào)告：
an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which it took place.
一個(gè)理想化的、假想的人，他很聰明，但對(duì)你的研究和所處的領(lǐng)域并不了解。
Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind.
因此，為報(bào)告打分的人將會(huì)檢查你寫報(bào)告的時(shí)候是不是把這樣的人作為假定讀者。
So you need to make sure that you have, one, introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study;
所以你需要確保，第一，把讀者引入到與你的研究相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域；
two, provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it;
第二，為讀者提供必要的背景知識(shí)，以了解你做了什么，為什么要做；
three, spelt out and developed your arguments clearly;
第三，闡明并清楚地闡述你的論點(diǎn)；
four, defined technical terms;
第四，解釋術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義；
and five, provided precise details of the ways in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained.
第五，詳細(xì)解釋你收集和分析所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)的方法。
In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study.
簡(jiǎn)而言之，你的報(bào)告應(yīng)該是寫給那些對(duì)你的研究領(lǐng)域知之甚少的人，不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為你的讀者對(duì)你的研究領(lǐng)域非常了解。
So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my advice to you.
所以，當(dāng)有疑問的時(shí)候，要寫出來。這是我給你的建議。
