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Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33.
As a rule, it is essential that the poor's productive capabilities be mobilized and the conditions for developing these human resources be improved. In this connection, German development policy has developed the following three approaches:
Structural reform: Structural reform is the preferred approach for reducing poverty because it eliminates the causes of poverty rather than just its symptoms. It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels. Efforts at international level focus on fair conditions for international trade and competition.
At national level, the poor must be helped through structural reform such as the introduction of democratic government, options for independent private enterprise, decentralization and agricultural reform. Development policy tools for realizing such reforms include political dialogue, political advisory services, structural adjustment measures and personnel and material support for reform efforts in the government, business and administrative sectors.
Direct measures: Projects of this category are aimed at directly helping the poor and improving their living conditions or increasing their job options and earning potential. Of special importance are those projects which provide help for self-help in reducing poverty. The material support and advisory services offered by these projects reinforce the poor's will to help themselves and help eable them to lead self-sufficient lives. Typical direct aid projects include the construction of simple housing by self-help groups, the creation of a savings and loan system for the poorer segments of society and support for women's self-help organizations.
Indirect measures: A project's beneficiaries - its target group - are not only often difficult to identify clearly, they are also not necessarily all poor people. In these cases, the project in question must be integrated into one of the partner nation's overall or sector?specific policies that aim at reducing poverty. A good illustration of this type of project is the use of advisory services to improve the tax system. Advising and upgrading the qualifications of personnel working in the fiscal system can lead to increased tax revenues which could be allocated for anti-poverty measures. In keeping with this focus, German development assistance concentrates on the poorest nations and on projects to reduce poverty. In 1993, some 10 percent of the commitments Germany made for bilateral financial and technical assistance went to self-help projects aimed at reducing poverty. Basic needs projects comprised 48 percent of all projects and almost 30 percent of the commitments made for financial and technical assistance were allocated for the world's least developed countries (LDCs).
TEXT H
First read the question.
34. What is the following passage mainly concerned with?
A. Educational facilities in Africa.
B. Founding a university for women.
C. Agricultural production in Zimbabwe.
D. Women's role in agricultural production.
Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question 34.
Access to education facilities is inadequate in sub Saharan Africa. And women and girls there face greater disadvantages. They are often denied education as customs dictate they marry early and have children.
Two Zimbabwean academics plan to open a university to help African women whose education was interrupted by either family commitments or financial constraints.
The university will initially be in Harare, but will be relocated to Marondera, 80 kilometres east. The academics, Hope Sadza, former deputy commissioner of Zimbabwe's Public Service Commission and Fay Chung, former Minister of Education,
are to open the university this month. It will initially have 400 students.?
Students will be split into groups of 100 and placed in one of four faculties: social science, agriculture, environmental studies or science and technology. The university is for women aged 25 or older.
The need for a university for women is more acute in Africa, where women are the poorest and most disadvantaged. When they do have access to education they often must endure ***ual harassment. Most women drop out because they lack educational materials or the schools are inaccessible.
"In Africa, women till the land and produce the bulk of the food, yet they have no understanding about marketing," Sadza siad. "Agriculture is another area where we can empower women."
The university will have a 285-hectare farm and courses will include agricultural production and marketing.
Women account for 80 per cent of Africa's agricultural production, but have no control over either the resources or policies.
The university since August has raised about Z$32.5 million (US$591,000) in donations and pledges. The university will be open to students from across Africa. It will be the second women's university - after Sudan's Ahfad University - in Africa.
TEXT I
First read the questions.
35. Which president advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers?
A. Xu Yangqiu.
B. Wu Yifang.
C. Tao Xingzhi.
D. Chen Heqin.
36. What is Guo Juefu?
A. A painter.
B. A poet.
C. A biologist.
D. A psychologist.
Now go through TEXT I quickly to answer questions 35 and 36.
Many presidents of the century old Nanjing Normal University (NJNU) have put forward insightful and inspiring education theories and practices, which have had a far-reaching impact on China's education history.
Jiang Qian and Guo Bingwen proposed a school running principle that advocated the balance between versatility and specialization, liberal arts and sciences.
Tao Xingzhi, a well-known educator, carried out many important reforms in the university. For the first time in China, he advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers and opened adult training classes in summer vacations.
Wu Yifang, China's first woman university president, emphasized normal education, regarding it as the parent engine and heavy industry of education.
Chen Heqin established a Chinese?style and scientific theory for modern education for children. There have also been many noted scholars and artists. Educator Xu Yangqiu was one of China's earliest scholars to study American education theory.
Professor Luo Bingwen devoted himself to normal education theory and Chinese and foreign education history, advocating that teachers should be models of virtue for the students so that their behaviour guides the students.
Psychologist Guo Juefu is an important figure in China's psychological history. China Psychological History〖WTBZ〗, a book he authored, has made its mark in international psychological circles.
Zhang Daqian, a well-known master of traditional Chinese painting, advised his students to read books systematically and selectively to rid themselves of worldliness, fickleness and pedantry. Zhang also pointed out that success comes largely from one's own endeavours, but partly from circumstance.
Sun Wang, a poet versed in the poems popular in the Tang Dynasty (AD 618 907),told students to map out a long term schedule for their studies and to work towards fulfillment of their goal phase by phase.
Biologist Chen Bangjie overcame formidable difficulties to collect plant specimen and became China's father of bryology. Generations of talented educators have given Nanjing Normal University a fine reputation.
TEXT J
First read the questions.
37. The Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives is scheduled to be completed within ____.
A.22 months
B.20 months
C.16 weeks
D.14 weeks
38. If you are in Malaysia, when is your attendance date?
A. January 17th.
B. January 15th.
C. January 29th.
D. February 27th
Now go through TEXT J quickly to answer questions 37 and 38.
CHICAGO Worldwide campuses. World renowned faculty. World class M.B.A. degree. A world of opportunity. Limitless, lifelong opportunity awaits you when you attend the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, and now you can do so from anywhere in the world.
Experience international business firsthand at the only top ranked graduate school with campuses worldwide. The Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives spreads 16 weeks of class sessions over 20 months so you can earn this renowned degree without leaving your job or relocating. Base your studies in Singapore; then collaborate with executives at our Chicago and Barcelona campuses. Learn not just the business theories of today but the business framework of tomorrow from the most acclaimed faculty in the world. Establish a global network of accomplished peers. And benefit for the rest of your life from the leadership training, the thinking, the relationships that become yours at Chicago GSB.
If you are a top-level manager seeking an unparalleled general management education, apply to the Chicago GSB M.B.A. Programme for Executives. And be among those who shape the future.
The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Where world class leaders emerge.
Chicago GSB / Asia Campus
101 Penang Road, Singapore 238466
telephone 65 238 2196〓fax 65 835 6483
emailsingapore.inquiries@gsb.uchicago.edu
www.gsb.uchicago.edu/execMBASia
Please reserve your attendance by fax or email.
Jakarta 15/Jan,Tuesday
The Grand Hyatt Hotel 19:00-21:30
Manila 24/Jan,Tuesday Taipei
The Shangri La Edsa Plaza 19:00-21:30 The Grand Formosa Regent Hotel Hotel
17/Jan,Tuesday Kuala Lumpur 19/Feb,Tuesday
19:00-21:30 The Regent Hotel 19:00-21:30
29/Jan,Tuesday
Bangkok 19:00-21:30 Singapore
The Grand Hyatt Erawan Hotel GSB Asia Campus
22/Jan,Tuesday Hong Kong 27/Feb,Tuesday
19:00-21:30 The Mandarin Oriental Hotel 19:00-21:30
05/Feb,Tuesday
Tokyo 19:00-21:30
The Imperial Hotel
TEXT K
First read the questions.
39. Who has written Cultural Amnesia: America's Future and the Crisis of Memory?
A. Michael G.Zey.
B. Stephen Bertman.
C. Don Tapscott, et al.
D. Marvin Cetron et al.
40. Which book is a collection of papers?
A. Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs.
B. Cheating Death: The Promise and the Future Impact of Trying to Live Forever.
C. The Future Factor: The Five Forces Transforming Our Lives and Shaping Human Destiny.
D. The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Future of the University.
Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.
Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs by Don Tapscott, David Ticoll, and Alex Lowy.Harvard Business School Press. 2000. 272 pages.
Electronic business webs have demolished the rules of competition. Innovative partnerships of digitally linked producers, suppliers, service providers, and customers are accelerating productivity and generating wealth in entirely new ways.
This book offers a behind the scenes look at success stories such as Linux, eBay, and Cisco, and provides a step by step process for implementing an effective business-web strategy.
Regular Price:$27.50
The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Future of the University
edited by Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley.
Bergin & Garvey/Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000. 270 pages.
This anthology of essays from scholars around the world describes how the forces
of technology and economic globalization may alter what we think of as higher education. Topics include the virtual university, paying for college, feminist a
lternative universities, the role of corporations in higher education, and the rise of "multiversities".
Regular Price:$65.00
The Future Factor: The Five Force Transforming Our Lives and Shaping Human Destiny by Michael G.Zey.
McGraw Hill. 2000. 289 pages.
This optimistic vision of the human future argues that unprecedented opportunities for growth are emerging from breathtaking innovations in biotechnology, computing, robotics, medicine, energy development, and space technology. Powerful new forces altering society and the global economy include cybergenesis, the merging of humans and smart machines, and biogenesis, the harnessing of genetic technologies to improve ourselves.
Regular Price: $24.95
Cheating Death: The Promise and the Future Impact of Trying to Live Forever by Marvin Cetron and Owen Davies.
St. Martin's Press. 1998. 224 pages.
With advances in medicine and new gene research, the human life?span could extend hundreds of years. But a future of billions of people "cheating death" could have devastating impacts on societies, the economy, the environment, and family life.
Regular Price: $21.95
Cultural Amnesia: America's Future and the Crisis of Memory by Stephen Bertman.
Praeger. 2000. 176 pages.
American society is losing its memory: 60% of American adults cannot name the president who ordered the dropping of the first atomic bomb, and 42% of college seniors cannot place the Civil War in the correct half of the nineteenth century.
This loss of culture memory, as insidious as Alzheimer's disease, eats away at the soul of the nation, says Bertman, author of Hyperculture. He argues that, to build a culture worthy of the future, Americans need to move away from their materialistic, present?oriented lives and get more in touch with other dimensions of time.
Regular Price: $35.00
