特定結(jié)構(gòu)和句型中的時(shí)態(tài)

1.

This(That/It) is the first (second…) +名詞+定語(yǔ)從句

This(That/It) is the only (last) +名詞+定語(yǔ)從句

This(That/It) is the +形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句

Examples

This is one of the rarest questions that ___ at such a meeting.

A. has ever been raised B. is raised C. are raised D. have ever been raised

There was a knock at the door, it was the second time someone ___ me that evening.

A. had interrupted B. would have interrupted C. to have interrupted D. to be interrupted

2.

It is /has been + 時(shí)間段 since +從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

It will be +時(shí)間段before +從句（現(xiàn)在時(shí)）

It was +時(shí)間段before +從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

It is likely /unlikely that +從句（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）

Examples

It ___ 2 weeks since she fell down the stairs, but you can still see the bruises.

A. was B. is C. will be D. were

Last night a man escaped from prison. It was a long time ____ the guards discovered what had happened.

A. since B. when C. before D. that

3.

“祈使句+and”結(jié)構(gòu)中, and 引導(dǎo)的并列分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than句型中主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

Examples

___ when she started complaining.

A. Not until he arrived

B. Hardly had he arrived

C. No sooner had he arrived

D. Scarcely did he arrive

Turn on the radio or open a magazine and you ___ advertisements showing happy and balanced families.

A. are often seeing B. often see C. have often seen D. will often see

副詞的位置

在時(shí)態(tài)測(cè)試中，根據(jù)某些副詞在句中的特殊位置這一特點(diǎn)，也有助于判斷選項(xiàng)的正誤。 頻率副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never, ever, usually , rarely, occasionally, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等以及just, shortly等其他副詞必須放在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之間。在省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，這些副詞必須放在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be 動(dòng)詞之前。

Examples

We ___ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A. just have had B. have just had C. just had had D. had just had

San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles ____.

A. is rarely B. rarely is C. hardly is D. is scarcely

時(shí)態(tài)一致

從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)限制，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)， 從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)需要選擇；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句通常也用過(guò)去時(shí)。這是四級(jí)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試重點(diǎn)。如：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，則

1）主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句did 或was/were doing.

2） 從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，從句had done.

3）從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，從句would do.

Examples

After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses ___ on the table all the time.

A. had been lying B. had been lain C. have been lying D. were lain

Exception （例外）

如果從句中所表示的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受時(shí)態(tài)原則限制，只能（永遠(yuǎn)）用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，通常根據(jù)常識(shí)就可以確定答案。

Our teacher has a strict rule. She said yesterday that all the students ___ to class on time.

A. came B. might come C. must come D. must have come