13. Need & dare

Need & dare 既能作實義動詞，又能作情態動詞。

Need & dare在肯定句中，通常為實義動詞，后面的不定式要帶to，單數第三人稱加s，有時態變化。

Need & dare作情態動詞時，多用于否定句和疑問句。

Examples

She needs to work even harder if she wants to succeed in her study.

He dares to speak the truth.

Do you need to take a break?

They didn't dare to disobey.

Need he leave so soon?

You needn't have done all the heavy work.

She dare not go home late at night.

How dare you say I am unfair?

14. might as well

might as well譯為“不妨”表示規勸。

You might as well wait to see what I can do for you.

You might as well leave now.

We might as well try a second time to see what's wrong with the equipment.

15. be to 可視為情態動詞

be to的三種意義

①系表結構

My duty is instruct students on what is wrong and what is right.

②將來時的特殊表達法

I was to go back home when the phone called.

③“應當”“規定是”可視為情態動詞–be supposed to

You are to obey the school rules and regulations.

16. Would rather

表意愿：I would rather/sooner not go there on my own.

表選擇：She would rather die than surrender to the enemy.

（句型Would rather do sth. than do sth. else）

表虛擬：would rather sb. did /didn't do sth.

I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.

17. Used to & would

情態動詞used to表“過去常常做”。往往含有“不再如此”之意。

Would只能表示動作，不能表示狀態。而used to都可以。.

He would ask the teacher some strange questions.

He used to ask the teacher ……

He used to be much better off than he is now.

He would be much …… (wrong)

18. More Information

Would側重敘述過去, 而used to 強調過去和現在的對比。

Sometimes she would give me some pleasant surprises.

My mother used to be hot-tempered, but now she is very mild.

情態動詞的完成式

1. needn't have done

(1)表示過去本不必做的事情

You needn't have done all the calculation by yourself. We have computers to do that sort of work.

She needn't have risen so early. There was no hurry.

They needn't have brought so much food with them. We had enough for all the guests.

Must have done

(2) 對過去事情的肯定猜測

He must have worked very hard, for he did a good job in the last exam.

They must have had a quarrel. They hadn't talked with each other for nearly a week.

There must have been a blackout. The whole street was in darkness.

can't/couldn't have done

(3) 對過去事情的否定猜測

(must have done的否定形式）

It can't have been her. She has gone to Shanghai.

You can't have seen me in the meeting last week. I was on a business trip then.

He can't have worked hard. I have seen him playing with his neighbors very often.

could & may/might have done

(4) 表示對過去事情的可能性的推測

You may / might have been injured in the car accident.

You may have been hurt by the wild animal.

You may have read the book.

You might have been more careful.

2. will的完成式

(1)Will have done 表示將來完成時

By the end of this week, the building will have been completed.

By May or June, we will have already known whether China succeeds in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games.

By next month, we will have learned the first 5 chapters.

(2)Would/could have done 表示對過去虛擬

You could/would have done much better if you had followed the teacher's instructions.

The earth could have been a better place if we had all known the importance of protecting the environment.

You couldn't have been so miserable had you listened to my advice.

She wouldn't have failed the English exam if she had done enough revision exercises.

3. should的完成式

should (ought to) have done 過去本該做某事

shouldn't (ought not to) have done 過去本不該做某事

You shouldn't have behaved so impolitely in front of all the guests.

We shouldn't have relied too much on him.

He shouldn't have cheated on the exam.

She shouldn't have agreed to marry such an irresponsible man.