Section Two: 詳解& 總結Detailed Points & Summary

虛擬語氣的動詞標志

"insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move, urge, recommend, command, order"等動詞表"建議、愿望"時，其后賓語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。Should +V

wish其后賓語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。

虛擬語氣的名詞標志

1 “necessity”或“suggestion”等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。

2 名詞word 表“命令”時，其后主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣 (should)+V。

3 wish 作名詞時其后主語從句，表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣(should)+V。

虛擬語氣的形容詞標志

It is + adj. that 句型中出現形容詞如necessary, important, vital, decisive, critical, crucial, urgent, strange, desirable, advisable, disappointing, 或過去分詞充當的形容詞如suggested, proposed, advised, demanded, requested, required等時，that 句中用should + V 表示虛擬。

虛擬的介詞標志

But for相當于if it had not been for。

But for her help, I would have lost my way.

Without, in the absence of 等組成的短語可相當于一個虛擬的條件從句。

Without the light and heat of the sun, what would become of all the animals on earth?

In the absence of water, plants would not grow well.

Under…condition,也可相當于一個虛擬條件從句。

Under more favorable conditions, we would have made more achievements.

錯綜時間的虛擬

條件狀語從句中謂語動詞的形式可與主句中謂語動詞的形式不“配套”，即錯綜時間的虛擬。

If he had done as I had suggested then, he wouldn't be regretful now.

If they hadn't found us then, we would still be missing on the sea.

If I hadn't made sufficient preparation for the exam then, I wouldn't be in college now.

虛擬和事實

（前虛擬后事實）標志: but

Eg. I would have gone to the party with you, but I was too busy.

= If I hadn't been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.

（前事實后虛擬）標志: otherwise

Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.

More Information

was (were) +to have done （不定式完成式）表示“原來想做而未做”后面通常but…（陳述語氣）。

Eg. I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam.

had hoped表示過去未實現的愿望，其從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬would+V。

Eg. I had hoped that he would agree to lend me the money.