修辭技巧(上)
修辭,即調(diào)整、修飾文字詞句,是寫作、說(shuō)話的一門藝術(shù),對(duì)寫作者的語(yǔ)言掌握有較高的要求。
以前有個(gè)童話,國(guó)王問(wèn)公主:“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答:“敬愛(ài)的父王,您在我心目中就像鹽一樣。”國(guó)王勃然大怒,把公主趕出了他的國(guó)家。故事的經(jīng)過(guò)我忘記了,總之最后,公主用一頓不加鹽的菜肴終于使國(guó)王懂得,看似微不足道的鹽,在我們的生活中扮演的卻是多么重要的角色。
修辭就像鹽:用得好,會(huì)使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏,語(yǔ)言就會(huì)平淡乏味,缺少美感。調(diào)味恰當(dāng),青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
常見(jiàn)的修辭手段有如下幾種:
A. 明喻(Simile)
—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years’s pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)
C. 擬人(Personification)
—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)
D. 夸張(Exaggeration)
—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?