此句主語部分處理得頗為干練。

操吳戈兮披犀甲，車錯轂兮短兵接

we grasp huge shields, clad in Rhinoceros Hide;

the Chariots clash, the Daggers gashing wide.

（楊憲益譯《屈原·國殤》）

屈原一開篇就“操吳戈兮披犀甲，車錯轂兮短兵接”，顯然需要補充應(yīng)有的主語。在《國殤》詩中，后面還有“身既死兮神以靈，子魂魄兮為鬼雄”的句子，可見屈原是以“局外人”的視角來寫為國捐軀的將士的，而非把自己混為軍中一員。譯文中的主語應(yīng)改為“They”較妥。

廚房里少了一條魚，主人發(fā)誓要一查到底，揪出偷魚的賊。

Finding a fish in kitchen was lost, the host swore find out the thief who stole the fish.

盡管漢語中似乎有“廚房”“主人”兩個主語，譯者果斷地選定了“the host”作主語。打點清晰，增強了句子的內(nèi)聚力。

夏威夷的沙灘上，椰影婆娑，海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養(yǎng)神。

On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy.

因為是輕松讀本，又是描述性的文字，使用了三個主語“the coconut palms”“the congenial sea breeze”“a young lady”仍是可取的。

五、戒結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，組合生硬 “拉郎配”

由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)不同，表達方式迥異，“硬性翻譯”不僅讀起來別扭，而且會鬧出笑話。這就譯者在翻譯時靈活使用整合的技巧，將句子整合，凸顯漢語中所隱含的層次，補充所缺失的成分。有時將簡單句譯成并列句，有時將并列句譯成主從句。

在紀(jì)念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚會時，我忽然問起原來的班主任：“我個子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？”

At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?"

一個高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴，禿頭老板親自蹲下來給她效勞。

When woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins , the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.

黑體字部分，正是契合了英語的表達習(xí)慣。

六、戒“愚忠”，不諳增減之道

我們耳熟能詳?shù)臇|西外國人可能會感到一頭霧水，譯者需要增加必要的說明和補充或者減譯。否則，外國人會不知所云。畢竟，漢譯英最終是給外國人看的。

例如：風(fēng)水

fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.

例如：（美國對臺）“三不政策”

Washington’s “three no’s” policy toward Taiwan——on support for Taiwan independence, no support for a two-China policy, and on support for Taiwan membership in international organizations on the basis of statehood.

忽聞有人在牡丹亭畔長吁短嘆。允潛步窺立，乃府中歌姬貂禪也。

In the silence he heard moans and sighs near the Peony Pavilion. Stealing over, he discovered the singing girl, Diaochan.

（羅慕士譯《三國演義·王司徒巧施連環(huán)計》）

會當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小。

One day I shall climb

Clear to the summit,

See how small surrounding

Mountain tops appear as they lie below me

（新西蘭人路易·艾黎譯《杜甫·望岳》）

I can't open my eyes to watch your jumping into the fiery pit, for I will shut my eyes at the time.

我不會眼睜睜看著你往火坑里跳，到時候我會閉上的。

不要嫌我黑，兩眼放光輝；不要嫌我瘦，一身好精肉。

Do not Cold-shoulder me for my swarthy(黝黑的) face, but I have a pair of bright piercing(敏銳的) eyes;

Do not Cold-shoulder me for my slight figure, but I’m lean and healthy.

文中“the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.”

“on support for Taiwan independence, no support for a two-China policy, and on support for Taiwan membership in international organizations on the basis of statehood.”“

In the silence”“One day I” “for” “but ”為增譯，“府中”為減譯，實并入后句。減譯手法在“七戒語句重復(fù)”中還會提及。

七、戒語句重復(fù)

漢語多重復(fù)，以強化語氣；英語則要盡量避免重復(fù)。

先生曰：“狼負我，狼負我！”狼曰：“吾非固欲負汝。天生汝輩，固需吾輩食也。”

“ You are an ungrateful beast,” complained the man.

“Not at all,” retorted the wolf, “it is not that I’m ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour.”

（顏惠慶譯《馬中錫·中山狼傳》）

王曰：“此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。”

“ The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King,“Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”

（楊憲益譯《史記·滑稽列傳》

阿凡提借了財主一錠金子，還他時給了他兩錠。

Afanty borrowed a small ingot of gold from a moneybags, but repaid him two ones.

（選自艾臨《幽默新大陸》）

以上粗體字都是為了避免重復(fù)，下面兩句中的粗體字屬于省譯，當(dāng)然也是為了避免重復(fù)。

又斗爭，又團結(jié)，以斗爭的手段，達團結(jié)之目的。

Unity, struggle, unity through struggle.

中國人也好，外國人也好，死人也好，活人也好，對的就是對的，不對的就是不對的。

What is right is right

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