1 用詞匯手段來(lái)體現(xiàn)
According to the newspaper, the driver, who was returning from a wedding, seemed puzzled. “I only had two bottle of beer and a cocktail.”
據(jù)報(bào)道,那位參加完一個(gè)婚禮后往回趕的司機(jī)一臉迷惑地說(shuō):“我只不過(guò)喝了兩瓶啤酒,一杯雞尾酒罷了。”
此句話中的seemd puzzled 以及only 把酒后駕車司機(jī)的那種不負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度刻畫(huà)的淋漓盡致,令人厭惡。
2 用語(yǔ)法手段來(lái)體現(xiàn)
“ Don’t you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, not without sarcasm, but friendly, as one greets good fortune.
?。∣.Henry: The Cop and the Anthem)
“難道你看不出我可能跟這件事有關(guān)嗎?” 蘇比說(shuō),口氣不是沒(méi)有譏諷,但態(tài)度卻友好,仿佛一個(gè)要交好運(yùn)的人。
此例是以雙重否定體現(xiàn)understatement, not without sarcasm 就是with sarcasm(語(yǔ)帶譏諷)。
簡(jiǎn)而言之,understatement(低調(diào)陳述)的要點(diǎn)就是清描淡寫(xiě)地陳述一種想法。
真題(2006年1月sec9)
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is from a 1979 essay by a Native American writer.
Before she had finished her sentence the beaver had flipped over in the water and dragged himself onto the bank, where he lay half dead. The porcupine woman managed to make the shore too. and climbed up onto a bear path. When she had caught her breath, she turned on the beaver and quilled him to death.“The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphe-mistically be described as “difficult.” Survival, especially in the wild, is always precarious. Further, they were, in the prccontact period, a nonlitcrate people.
11. The sentence in which “difficult” appears (lines 54-55) indicates that the author considers the word to be
(A) an exaggeration
?。˙) an estimate
?。–) an understatement
(D) a contradiction
(E) a preconception
題干分析:作者認(rèn)為54-55行所描述的“困難”一詞是什么。有原文分析可知:T所在的環(huán)境可以被委婉的描述成“困難”。并且聯(lián)系下文Survival, especially in the wild, is always precarious.(特別是在荒野之地,生存下來(lái)不可能的。)由此判斷這里明顯非常困難,而原文委婉說(shuō)困難。此句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)could euphe-mistically be 體現(xiàn)了understatement的運(yùn)用。
此題并不是一個(gè)修辭題的考題,但是考點(diǎn)涉及到修辭中understatement的運(yùn)用。
經(jīng)過(guò)以上understatement例子的講解,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在SAT閱讀題型之中,不能完全意義上的區(qū)分題型。因?yàn)轭}型之間會(huì)有交叉點(diǎn)。但是無(wú)論題型怎么千變?nèi)f化,只要熟知考點(diǎn),縱使題型“改頭換面”依然破題得分。所以筆者在此提出,也是為讓考生引起注意。修辭手法題很容易和其他的題型(例如寫(xiě)作手法題)混在一塊考。這也是為什么有些題干會(huì)明顯有rhetorical device 的提示詞,如真題2009年1月的題目:the quotation in lines 10-12 contains an example of which rhetorical device ? 而有的題干沒(méi)有rhetorical device 的提示詞,但是選項(xiàng)中又有修辭格。如真題2009年1月的題目:In lines 9-11( “A miniseries ….television.”) , the author makes use of which of the following? 其實(shí)那是因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中涉及部分的修辭手法,還涉及部分的寫(xiě)作手法。寫(xiě)作手法的講解會(huì)在該題型講解中詳述。在這里就不多講了。最后,通過(guò)修辭手法的講解,筆者希望考生能足夠重視到深層挖掘考題背后的核心思維。有以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變的能力。才是得高分的舉措。