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Dry mouth naturally occurs during sleep, leading to "morning breath".
口干是在睡覺時自然發生的，導致“早晨口氣”。
The surface of your tongue is a prime breeding ground for bacteria, dead cells, and food debris. When these accumulate, they can lead to the production of sulfur compounds, resulting in unpleasant odors.
舌頭表面是細菌、死細胞和食物殘渣的主要滋生地。當這些物質積累時，它們會導致硫化合物的產生，從而產生難聞的氣味。
If the odor emanating from the nose is more pronounced than that from the mouth, it may indicate an infection, such as sinusitis. Additionally, tonsils can trap food particles and pathogens that may calcify, forming what are known as tonsilloliths. These tonsilloliths can produce a distinctively foul odor.
如果鼻子發出的氣味比嘴巴發出的氣味更明顯，這可能表明感染了，比如鼻竇炎。此外，扁桃體可以捕獲食物顆粒和可能鈣化的病原體，形成所謂的扁桃體石。這些扁桃體結石可以產生一種獨特的惡臭。
One of the possible causes of halitosis is xerostomia or dry mouth, caused when the flow of saliva decreases. Food remains are not eliminated without enough saliva, which usually generates a greater volume of plaque on the teeth and on the tongue and its consequent bad smell.
口臭的一個可能原因是口干癥或口干，當唾液流動減少時引起的。如果沒有足夠的唾液，食物殘渣就無法清除，這通常會在牙齒和舌頭上產生更多的牙菌斑，從而產生難聞的氣味。
Avoid foods that can sour your breath, such as onions and garlic. Brushing your teeth after consuming them doesn't help.
避免吃會使你的口氣變酸的食物，比如洋蔥和大蒜。吃完后刷牙也無濟于事。
Smoking causes unpleasant mouth odor. Users of tobacco are more likely to suffer from gum disease, which is another source of bad breath.
吸煙會引起難聞的口腔氣味。吸煙的人更容易患牙齦疾病，這是口臭的另一個來源。
作者：首都醫科大學附屬北京友誼醫院口腔科主治醫師金潔琪、中日醫院口腔醫學中心主治醫師光夢凱
實習生：劉書瑞
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