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Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer.
蚊子喜歡某種血型嗎？可能是這樣的，但這不是有些人招蚊子的唯一因素，研究人員似乎無法就這個問題的答案達成一致。
There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let's face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters.
世界上有兩種人：一種是從戶外回來時被蚊子叮咬發癢的人，另一種是可以在同一個地方呆上幾個小時而完全避免被叮咬的人。事實是，蚊子并不會“平等地”叮咬每個人。
So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others?
那么，究竟是什么讓一些人比其他人對蚊子更有吸引力呢？
Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more palatable to mosquitoes, from your skin microbiota and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you're wearing (with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes). But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural body odor and genetics.
科學表明，很多因素都可能會影響人類對蚊子的吸引力，包括皮膚微生物群、呼吸中排放的二氧化碳、穿衣顏色（紅色、橙色和黑色等顏色對蚊子最有吸引力）。但最終，蚊子的“偏愛”主要取決于兩個因素：人類的自然體味和遺傳。
Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal,” deriving proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. To help locate their prey, female mosquitoes use their antennae and palps, the organs between their antennae, to detect carbon dioxide and odor. That means people who have a high metabolic rate and emit more carbon dioxide, including those who are pregnant, working out, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes.
只有雌性蚊子會叮咬人類，它們這樣做是為了獲得“血液”，從人的血液中提取蛋白質來產卵。為了幫助定位獵物，雌性蚊子利用觸角和觸須來探測二氧化碳和氣味。這意味著新陳代謝率高、排放更多二氧化碳的人（如懷孕、鍛煉或飲酒的人）往往對蚊子更具吸引力。
The question of whether mosquitos prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One theory suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitos like? A 2019 study found that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types.
蚊子是否更偏愛某種血型？對此科學界是有爭議的。一種理論認為，血型可能影響蚊子的“偏好”。如果這是真的，蚊子喜歡什么血型？2019年的一項研究發現，與其他血型的人相比，作為登革熱病毒的主要傳播媒介的蚊子更喜歡O型血的人。
However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more (or less) attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of speculation, but the science is contradictory. Instead, the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microbiota than blood type.
然而，另一項研究指出，該實驗和實驗室數據評估了血型是否會使一個人更吸引蚊子（或不那么吸引蚊子），這引發了許多猜測，但科學是相互矛盾的。該研究人員報告說，“招蚊子”的因素更多與皮膚氣味和微生物群有關，而不是血型。
英文來源：Pfizer
編輯：董靜
審校：萬月英 陳丹妮
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