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Extreme cold still happens in a warming world
全球變暖 極端寒冷事件依舊頻發(fā)
Extremely cold Arctic air and severe winter weather swept southward into much of the U.S. in mid-January 2024, breaking daily low temperature records from Montana to Texas.
2024年1月中旬，極端寒冷的北極氣流和惡劣的冬季天氣向南席卷了美國大部分地區(qū)，打破了從蒙大拿州到得克薩斯州的日最低氣溫紀錄。
Tens of millions of people were affected by dangerously cold temperatures, and heavy lake-effect snow and snow squalls have had severe effects across the Great Lakes and Northeast regions.
數(shù)千萬人受到危險低溫的影響，嚴重冷流降雪和暴風雪對五大湖和東北部地區(qū)造成了嚴重影響。
No single weather event can prove or disprove global warming.
任何單一的天氣事件都不能證明或否定全球變暖的事實。
Many studies have shown that the number of extreme cold events is clearly decreasing with global warming.
許多研究表明，隨著全球變暖，極端寒冷事件的數(shù)量明顯減少。
Whether global warming may, contrary to expectations, be playing some supporting role in the intensity of these events is an open question.
全球變暖是否會與預期相反，對這些事件的強度起到一定的輔助作用，這還是一個未解之謎。
Some research suggests it does.
盡管一些研究表明確實如此。
More recently, for large areas of the U.S., Europe and Northeast Asia, while the number of these severe cold events is clearly decreasing – as expected with global warming – it does not appear that their intensity is correspondingly decreasing, despite the rapid warming in their Arctic source regions.
最近，在美國、歐洲和東北亞的大部分地區(qū)，盡管這些嚴寒事件的數(shù)量明顯減少——符合全球變暖的預期——但其強度似乎并沒有因北極源頭地區(qū)的快速變暖而相應減弱。
So, while the world can expect fewer of these severe cold events in the future, many regions need to remain prepared for exceptional cold when it does occur.
因此，盡管全球可以預期未來此類嚴寒事件會減少，但許多地區(qū)仍需為可能出現(xiàn)的極端嚴寒天氣做好準備。
A better understanding of the pathways of influence between Arctic surface conditions, the stratospheric polar vortex and mid-latitude winter weather would improve our ability to anticipate these events and their severity.
更好地了解北極地表條件、平流層極地渦旋和中緯度冬季天氣之間的影響途徑，將提高人們預測這些事件及其嚴重性的能力。
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