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Kelly Fisher started using a robo-advisor ayear and a half ago because she thought it would be more convenient and easierthan investing through a human advisor. What she didn’t anticipate, though, wasjust how much more truthful she would be with an automaton rather than aliving, breathing person sitting across the desk.
凱利·費(fèi)舍爾(Kelly Fisher)一年半以前開始使用機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這種方式比通過(guò)人類顧問(wèn)進(jìn)行投資更方便、更容易。但出乎她意料之外的是，她對(duì)這種機(jī)器人的信任度遠(yuǎn)超坐在桌子對(duì)面那些活生生的同類。
When someone starts asking me about my networth, I get uncomfortable. With a robo-advisor there’s nojudgement.
這位家住舊金山的零售業(yè)高管通過(guò)機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)8,000美元的投資賬戶。這其實(shí)就是一些網(wǎng)站，它們會(huì)詢問(wèn)一系列問(wèn)題，然后提供與投資者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承受能力和生活方式相匹配的基金。費(fèi)舍爾之所以使用這些網(wǎng)站，并不是因?yàn)樗惺裁匆?jiàn)不得人的地方。但她表示，對(duì)他人進(jìn)行評(píng)判是人性使然，而向一個(gè)人類財(cái)務(wù)專家敞開心扉會(huì)讓她感覺(jué)不舒服。而面對(duì)機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)時(shí)，費(fèi)舍爾會(huì)更加誠(chéng)實(shí)地透露自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
The San Francisco-based retail executivehas about $8,000 invested in accounts with robo-advisors. These are sites thatask a series of questions and then they match a fund with that investor’s risktolerance and lifestyle. Fisher doesn’t have anything to hide by using thesewebsites, but she says it’s human nature to judge, and that’s made ituncomfortable for her to open up to a human financial expert. With arobo-advisor, Fisher can be more honest about where she stands financially.
當(dāng)有人開始向我詢問(wèn)凈資產(chǎn)時(shí)，我就會(huì)感覺(jué)不舒服。但機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)就不會(huì)對(duì)此作出任何評(píng)判。
“When someone starts asking me about my net worth, that’s when I getuncomfortable,” Fisher said. “With a robo-advisor there’s definitely nojudgment. There’s no stigma over having… debt or deciding that you want tospend money on a vacation or about coming into a windfall.”
“當(dāng)有人開始向我詢問(wèn)凈資產(chǎn)時(shí)，我就會(huì)感覺(jué)不舒服。”費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)，“機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)肯定不會(huì)對(duì)此作出任何評(píng)判。無(wú)論是背負(fù)債務(wù)，還是想要花錢度假，抑或希望大發(fā)橫財(cái)，我在它們面前都不會(huì)感覺(jué)恥辱。”
Fisher’s comfort with a computer isn’tunusual – there’s a growing body of research showing that people trust robotsand automated online forms more than humans. That’s one big reason, beyondlower costs, why robo-advice – which is expected to have a staggering $2.2trillion in assets under management by 2020, up from $50bn today –may becomethe preferred way for individuals to invest.
費(fèi)舍爾在電腦面前的這種放松狀態(tài)并非個(gè)例——有越來(lái)越多的研究表明，與人類相比，我們更加信任機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化的在線表格。除了成本外，這正是機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)有可能成為個(gè)人首選投資方式的重要原因——到2020年，這類服務(wù)管理的資產(chǎn)有望達(dá)到2.2萬(wàn)億美元，遠(yuǎn)高于目前的500億美元。
Gale Lucas, director of research at Dallas,Texas-based Organizational Wellness and Learning Systems, has been studyingrobot-human trust for years. She’s found that people really are more truthfulwhen they disclose information to a computer. That goes for both generalquestions as well as more intimate details.
得州達(dá)拉斯的蓋爾·盧卡斯(Gale Lucas)多年以來(lái)一直在研究人類對(duì)機(jī)器人的信任感。作為Organizational Wellness and Learning Systems的研究總監(jiān)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)谙螂娔X披露信息時(shí)的確展現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的信任感。這不僅涉及普通問(wèn)題，也包括更加隱私的信息。
The effect on higher rates of “honestresponding…are especially strong when the information is illegal, unethical,or culturally stigmatised,”she wrote in a 2014 paper.
她在2014年的一篇論文中寫道，“在涉及違法、不道德或有違文化傳統(tǒng)的信息時(shí)，這種誠(chéng)實(shí)回答的現(xiàn)象尤其明顯。”
People are more open with automated toolsbecause they believe computers don’t judge and thatthey’re more ethical.
人們更容易對(duì)自動(dòng)化工具吐露心聲，是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為電腦不會(huì)對(duì)自己作出評(píng)判，并且認(rèn)為電腦比人類更有道德。
Finances would fall into that lattercategory, Lucas explained. Debt, for instance, has a negative connotationattached to it. People feel uncomfortable discussing it and may even hide howmuch they really owe from a human financial advisor.
盧卡斯解釋道，財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題屬于后一類。例如，人們會(huì)對(duì)負(fù)債持有負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)。人們討論這類問(wèn)題時(shí)感覺(jué)不舒服，甚至有可能向人類財(cái)務(wù)顧問(wèn)隱瞞自己的負(fù)債金額。
“They’re very embarrassed and don’t want to admit how much creditcard debt they have,” Lucas said. “It’s anxiety producing, so to have someoneyou can talk to where it’s safe to say that you’re worried that you’ll neverget out from all of that debt is important.”
“他們感覺(jué)非常尷尬，不想承認(rèn)自己的信用卡有多少負(fù)債。”盧卡斯說(shuō)，“這會(huì)產(chǎn)生焦慮，所以必須要找到一個(gè)讓你愿意向其吐露心聲的人。你愿意告訴這個(gè)人，你很擔(dān)心自己可能永遠(yuǎn)還不清這些債務(wù)。”
