When most people think of psychotherapy, they picture patients relaxing on a sofa and spilling all of their emotions. “Tell me about your childhood,” the therapist says, taking a drag of his cigar. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings.
人們一說到心理療法，通常都會想到這樣一副畫面：患者舒適地躺在沙發上，向心理醫生訴盡內心情感，而旁邊的醫生一邊抽雪茄一邊說道，“談談你的童年吧。”實際上，展開心理療法的情景可謂千奇百怪。
10.Sexual Surrogacy Therapy
10.性行為替代療法
Your therapist looks deeply into your eyes, holds your hand, and kisses you passionately on the lips. This isn't a violation of the American Psychological Association's code of ethics. Kissing, and sometimes even more, is just part of the job as a sexual surrogate. Sexual surrogates are trained professionals that work with sex therapists to help people work through intimacy issues. Surrogacy goes beyond regular talk therapy; it includes activities to model appropriate romantic and sexual relationships.
你的醫師滿眼深情，握住你的手，與你熱情激吻。要知道這種行為并不違背美國心理協會的相關行業道德規范。不單單是親吻，即使做得更加過火也無可厚非，因為這只是一種名為性行為替代療法的治療手段而已。性行為替代治療師是一群與性學專家共事、接受過相關訓練的專業人員，幫助人們解決一些與親熱行為相關的問題。這種替代性療法并不像平常的談心療法那樣簡單，它會涉及一些在醫師和患者之間模擬浪漫的性關系的行為。
People may choose sexual surrogacy for many reasons, including anxiety about relationships or general sexual dysfunction. A newly widowed person struggling with dating or a war veteran returning as an amputee might practice flirting or body confidence with a surrogate. Sessions can include everything from social skills training to actual genital-to-genital contact. Surrogacy might sound like prostitution, but its therapeutic benefit seems to give it a free legal pass. The focus is not on pleasure, but on learning what appropriate sexual or relationship behavior feels like. Surrogates aim to get patients to the point where they can end therapy and forge connections on their own.
人們選擇性替代療法的原因多種多樣，或許是對自己的戀情感到焦慮，或許是常見的性功能障礙問題。不論是剛剛喪偶、想要開啟一段新戀情的人，抑或是在戰場上慘遭截肢的老兵都可以借助這種方法提升調情技巧、增加自身魅力。性行為替代療法的內容也很豐富，不僅可以鍛煉你的社交技能，也能為你提供真正的性接觸治療。替代療法聽起來或許有些像亂交，但其治療效果似乎為它爭得了合法性。這種療法的關鍵不在于享受，而是讓人們了解到什么樣的性行為或親密關系才是合適的。性行為替代治療師的目標就在于讓患者能自己建立人際關系，享受社交樂趣。
9.馬背療法
Horseback riding is no longer a luxury for the rich. The impressive size and emotionally intelligent nature of the horse makes it an excellent therapy partner for troubled youth, drug addicts, and people with disabilities. Learning to care for and ride these gentle giants can be a way to develop important coping skills like self-confidence and patience. Therapy with a horse feels more like fun than work, so patients may feel more open to growth as they learn to take care of both themselves and of their animal friend.
對于有錢人來說，騎馬早已不再是一件奢侈的事。馬兒身型龐大、天性友好，對于問題少年、癮君子和殘疾人而言，它是絕佳的治療伙伴。學習照顧和駕馭這些溫柔的大家伙有助于人們培養一些重要的應對技能，如自信心和耐性。在馬兒的陪伴下所開展的心理治療使人感覺更像是一項娛樂活動。在這種情況下，隨著病人逐漸學會照顧自己和這些動物朋友，他們也會更順利地成長。
Because horses can weigh up to 900 kilograms (2,000 lb) and are easily frightened, patients get a hands-on education in overcoming fears. Anger and anxiety have no place in the saddle, so troubled youth and others struggling with those emotions may find that working with a horse helps to form new patterns of positive behavior. Caring for the horse and its equipment, or even learning to conquer the fear of riding, can be a powerful metaphor for other challenges in life.
馬兒體重最多可達900千克（2000磅）并且容易受驚，所以患者們需要臨時接受相關訓練以克服對馬兒的恐懼。一旦坐在馬鞍之上，所有的憤怒和焦慮都會瞬間消失，因此問題少年或者那些深受不良情緒困擾的人或許會發現，馬兒的陪伴有助于他們變得更加樂觀積極。照料好馬兒和騎馬的用具，甚至只是克服自身對騎馬的恐懼都會為患者今后從容應對生活的各種挑戰打下良好的基礎。
Horses aren't the only animals helping people figure out their feelings; elephants, dolphins, monkeys, and many other animals have been used in therapeutic or service settings.
而馬兒并不是唯一具有這種神奇功能的動物。大象、海豚、猴子以及許多其他動物均已被廣泛應用于心理治療領域。
8.裸體療法
While now a forgotten art, baring bodies and souls in nude therapy sessions was all the rage in the late 1960s. At the forefront of this movement was Paul Bindrim, an offbeat psychologist who believed nakedness allowed people to shake off the social expectations created by clothing and to deal directly with their most private emotions. During group therapy events, Bindrim preached that by shedding shirts and ties, people could explore repressed thoughts, heal marriage troubles, and achieve “peak experiences,” a euphoric state of being attained only through self-actualization.
盡管現如今已是一門被遺忘的藝術，但是暴露身體、袒露心扉在上世紀60年代末卻是裸體療法中風靡一時的做法。這場運動的積極倡導者，保羅·賓迪曼（Paul Bindrim），是一個標新立異的心理學家。他相信裸體讓人擺脫由服裝帶來的社會期望，并直接應對最私密的情緒。在集體治療活動期間，賓迪曼宣揚通過脫掉襯衫和領帶，人們可以探索遭到壓抑的思想、醫治婚姻問題、達到“高峰體驗”，這種愉快狀態只有通過自我實現才能達到。
Nude truth-seekers would delight in spending several days revealing their deepest secrets in facilitated exercises designed by Bindrim to promote trust and openness. Activities included everything from deeply gazing into a partner's eyes to scrutinizing each others' genitals in an exercise called “crotch eyeballing.” Bindrim taught that true freedom from negative thoughts could only be achieved once a person could expose her most private motivations and parts. Staring directly into what he believed was the root of all repression was a means to do this. Groups of participants swam, meditated, hugged, and expressed rage, all in their birthday suits.
赤裸著身體追尋真理的人喜歡花上幾天時間用賓迪曼設計的促進練習來展現自己最深的秘密，提升信任與公開的程度。這些活動無所不有，包括深深地凝視伴侶的眼睛，以及仔細查看對方的生殖器——這種活動被稱作“打量襠部”。賓迪曼教導說，一旦一個人可以展現她最隱密的動機及其身體部位，消極想法中真正的自由才能實現。他認為這個部位是所有壓抑的根源，直視這里是做到這一點的一種辦法。眾多參與者們都一絲不掛地游泳、冥想、擁抱，或者憤怒。
As the socially liberal climate of the 1960s dwindled, so did the popularity of nude therapy. Bindrim felt the sting of conservative critics, but his naked marathon programs seemed to fall out of favor due to changing times as opposed to any wrongdoing. Those seeking nude therapy today aren't out of luck. The Human Awareness Institute in California offers participants courses in intimacy and sexuality, some with the option of ditching clothes in search of personal purpose.
因為上世紀60年代的社會自由風氣衰落了，所以裸體療法未得以普及。賓迪曼感受到保守派批評家的刺痛，但他的裸體馬拉松項目失寵似乎是由于時代的變遷，而不是任何不當行為。那些尋求裸體療法的人們現如今并非不走運。人類意識研究所在加利福尼亞州為學員提供親密關系和性方面的課程，其中有一些人選擇拋棄衣服探索個人意義。
審校：Amy.L 編輯：Freya然 校對：落花生
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