評論
打印
2. Sukhothai
2.素可泰（Sukhothai）
Around the 13th century AD, in the area we now know as Thailand, the first Siam Kingdom was formed, and its political and administrative capital was Sukhothai. This is considered to be the first ever Thai state, and under King Ramkhamhaeng the first ever centralized Thai language and alphabet were created. A set of codified laws and a powerful military and administrative organization, all held together by strong Buddhist religious beliefs, have led modern people to consider Ramkhamhaeng “the Founding Father of the Thai Nation.”
約公元13世紀(jì)，在現(xiàn)如今的泰國土地上，第一個暹羅國形成了，素可泰就是它的政治行政首都。它是公認(rèn)的有史以來第一個泰王朝，并且在蘭甘亨大帝的統(tǒng)治下首次創(chuàng)建了高度統(tǒng)一的泰文及字母。由深厚的佛教信仰緊緊結(jié)合在一起的成文法及強(qiáng)有力的軍事行政機(jī)構(gòu)使得蘭甘亨大帝被現(xiàn)代人奉為“泰國民族之父”。
In the city of Sukhothai we see the first evidence of a pure Thai culture and architecture, as well as Thai hydraulic engineering. They managed to build canals, reservoirs and dams to prevent flooding and aid in agriculture, as well as part of the city’s sewer and water provision systems. Sukhothai kings were acknowledged for their ability to seize and control the kingdom’s water.
在素可泰，我們看到了純泰式文化和泰式建筑以及泰國水利工程的第一證據(jù)。他們設(shè)法開通運(yùn)河，修建水庫和堤壩，來防治洪水并促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，同時，這也構(gòu)成了城市排水及供水系統(tǒng)的一部分。素可泰君王們也因為他們對水的把控力得到了普遍的認(rèn)可。
With the death of Ramkhamhaeng, the Sukhothai kingdom dissolved as vassal states broke away one by one. The city of Sukhothai fell under Ayutthayan control in 1378 AD, and by 1583 was deserted because of both a powerful earthquake and a Burmese conflict in the area. Sukhothai and other cities were later repopulated, but not to the extent they previously were.
素可泰王朝在蘭甘亨逝世后開始由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰，各屬國紛紛脫離中央的控制。公元1378年，在那萊大帝的統(tǒng)治下素可泰城開始衰落，到1583年，在大地震以及緬甸沖突的雙重作用下，素可泰最終難逃覆滅。雖然后來素可泰等城市又陸續(xù)重建了起來，但再也找不回曾經(jīng)的繁華了。
