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Women really DO like the strong, silent type: Scientists find happy men are 'significantly less attractive' to ladies
女性更偏愛肌肉沉默型男；專家發現“陽光男”對女性更缺乏吸引力
Men rank women more attractive than women rank men, researchers concluded Women find happy men significantly less sexually attractive than those who swagger or brood, researchers said today.
女性對男性的吸引力要大于男性對女性的吸引力，研究人員得出結論，那些看上去陽光快樂的男性較之于他們昂首闊步、沉默寡言的同類，對女性而言更缺乏性的吸引力。
They are least attracted to smiling men, instead preferring those who looked proud and powerful, or moody and ashamed, according to a study.
據一項研究結果，女性對微笑的男性并無太大興趣；她們倒是更喜歡那些看上去傲慢自大、強硬或者憂郁、害羞的男性。
In contrast, men are most sexually attracted to women who look happy, and least attracted to those who appear proud and confident.
與之相反，男性更容易被那些看上去快樂的女性所吸引，而很難對那些看似驕傲和自信的女性感興趣。
The University Of British Columbia study, which is the first to report a significant gender difference in the attractiveness of smiles, helps explain the enduring allure of 'bad boys' and other iconic gender stereotypes.
不列顛哥倫比亞大學研究首次發現了兩性之間最為明顯的差異是對微笑的興趣，這有助于解釋“壞男孩”持久的吸引力以及其它一些象征性的性別類型。
It is also the first study to investigate the attractiveness of displays of pride and shame.
同時，這個研究也首次探究了驕傲和害羞這兩種表情的吸引力。
Lead researcher Professor Jessica Tracy said: 'While showing a happy face is considered essential to friendly social interactions, including those involving sexual attraction - few studies have actually examined whether a smile is, in fact, attractive.
首席研究者杰西卡·特蕾西（Jessica Tracy）教授說：“快樂的表情被認為是進行友好社會交往的基本要素，包括那些包含了性的吸引的---- 但是沒有研究真正地考察微笑是否具有吸引力。”
'This study finds that men and women respond very differently to displays of emotion, including smiles.'
這一研究發現男性和女性對包括微笑在內的表情的反應是不同的。
More than 1,000 adult participants rated the sexual attractiveness of hundreds of images of the opposite sex.
參與調查的1000多名成年人對數百張異性的圖像進行了性吸引力的評價。
These photos included universal displays of happiness (broad smiles), pride (raised heads, puffed-up chests) and shame (lowered heads, averted eyes).
這些圖片包括了被公認的下列表情：快樂（開懷大笑），驕傲（昂首挺胸）和害羞（低頭，轉移目光）。
The researchers found that women were least attracted to smiling, happy men - in contrast to men, who were most attracted to women who looked happy.
研究者發現女性對微笑的快樂男性最不感興趣——相反地，男性最易被看上去快樂的女性所吸引。
Overall, the researchers said, men rank women more attractive than women rank men.
總之，研究者聲稱，兩性之間，男性更易被女性所吸引。
Study co-author Alec Beall said: 'It is important to remember that this study explored first-impressions of sexual attraction to images of the opposite sex.
合作研究者亞力克·比爾（Alec Beall）說：“這個研究考察了當第一次看到異性照片時所感受到的性吸引力，這一點很重要。”
'We were not asking participants if they thought these targets would make a good boyfriend or wife - we wanted their gut reactions on carnal, sexual attraction.'
“我們并非在詢問參與者們，她（他）們認為這些人是否能成為好的男友或妻子——我們只是想要知道她（他）們對這些人是否具有身體和性的吸引力的本能反應。”
Professor Tracy and Mr Beall said that other studies suggest that what people find attractive has been shaped by centuries of evolutionary and cultural forces.
特蕾西教授和比爾先生稱，其它一些研究揭示人們所認為的吸引力受到幾個世紀以來進化和文化力量的型塑。
For example, evolutionary theories suggest females are attracted to male displays of pride because they imply status, competence and an ability to provide for a partner and offspring.
例如，進化理論認為女性更易被具有驕傲表情的男性吸引，是因為這些男性表現了地位、才干和供養伴侶和后代的能力。
According to Mr Beall, the pride expression accentuates typically masculine physical features, such as upper body size and muscularity.
比爾先生認為，驕傲的面部表情強調了典型的肌肉體征，比方說，寬肩闊背。
'Previous research has shown that these features are among the most attractive male physical characteristics, as judged by women,' he said.
他說：“之前的研究表明，女性認為，這些體征被認為是最具吸引力的男性體征。”
The researchers said more work is needed to understand the differing responses to happiness, but suggest the phenomenon can also be understood according to principles of evolutionary psychology, as well as socio-cultural gender norms.
研究人員認為，在理解對快樂的不同反應方面，還需要做更多的工作，但這一現象也可以通過進化心理學以及社會文化的性別規范的原理來理解。
For example, past research has associated smiling with a lack of dominance, which is consistent with traditional gender norms of the 'submissive and vulnerable' woman, but inconsistent with the 'strong, silent' man.
例如，以往的研究將微笑與缺乏控制支配地位相聯系，這也同傳統性別規范中“居于服從地位和脆弱的”女性相一致，與“強大而沉默的”男性不相符。
Professor Tracy said: 'Generally, the results appear to reflect some very traditional gender norms and cultural values that have emerged, developed and been reinforced through history, at least in Western cultures.
特蕾西教授說：“通常地，研究結果反映了在歷史發展過程中曾出現、發展并得到鞏固的一些非常傳統的性別規范和文化價值，至少是在西方文化中。”
'These include norms and values that many would consider old-fashioned and perhaps hoped that we've moved beyond.'
“它們包含了許多曾被認為過時，我們希望將之摒棄的規范和價值。”
